Vladimir Kalita Biography

Last news, biography, Prince of Moscow Ivan I Danilovich Kalita, became famous in history as a diplomatic ruler who expanded the territory of the principality. He established relations with the Horde khan. In the year, Ivan Kalita was erected to the face of local saints of Moscow. It was an ordinary young man who grew up in the family of Prince Danila Alexandrovich and the wife of the ruler.

As a child, the boy constantly heard the stories about the Tatars, which every now and then raid on Rus'. Many elders experienced fear. Unpleasant sensations were transmitted to Little Ivan, especially in early childhood, the boy witnessed the capture of Moscow. Since infancy, the boyars, the father told the future ruler about what was happening in the state. At 3 years old, the child was put on a horse and began to train riding.

Immediately after this rite, the boy was handed over to the male educators. Teachers paid more attention to the basics of government, since Prince Daniel Moscow wanted to see at the head of Ivan, and not the eldest son of Yuri. Prince Daniil of Moscow, the father of Ivan Kalita, Ivan Kalita, was known as a careful and reasonable youth, unlike a brother who was distinguished by an inanimate, sharp temperament.

Daniel dies in the year. Yuri is elevated to the throne, and summer Ivan became an assistant to the prince. While the older brother was away, Ivan had to defend Pereslavl. Tough in nature, excellent preparation helped to survive, despite the small number of the army. Diplomatic negotiations with khans lead to terrible consequences. During a trip to the Golden Horde, the newly -made ruler is killed.

The throne crosses, as Daniel Moscow planned, the youngest son - Ivan Kalite. The reign of Ivan Kalita is an unusual ruler. From the first days, the prince did not conquer new territories, but began to promote Orthodoxy. On behalf of the ruler from Vladimir to Moscow, the residence of the metropolitan was transferred. Thus, the city turned into the spiritual capital of Rus'.

The authority of Moscow has increased. Moscow under Ivan Kalite problems with land division began in the year when the people rebelled in Tver, and later killed the Horde Ambassador. Ivan Kalita went to the khan, who gave the ruler a label for a great reign. Together with the Suzdalians, the prince conquered Tver, while Alexander Mikhailovich Tverskoy fled from a possible punishment in Novgorod later found in Pskov.

A year later, Khan Uzbek decided to share the principalities between Ivan and Alexander Vasilievich Suzdalsky. In the year, Alexander Vasilievich is dying, Konstantin occupies the throne. At this time, territories subordinate to Prince Suzdal are returned to the Grand Duchy. Unions are beneficial for the ruler, as the destinies turned to the disposal of the prince.

The tension between Moscow and Novgorod reached a peak in the year. The conflict began with the refusal of Metropolitan Feognost to put the Archbishop of Novgorod Arseny. The post was given to Vasily Kalika. At this time, Kalita shows the requirements for the payment of increased tribute. The refusal leads to the indignation of the ruler - the prince is nominated with the army to Novgorod land.

It did not reach hostilities, as Ivan planned to solve the issue by the world. The rulers decided to act: the invitation of Narimunt, to whom the fortress was given, the estate of Ladoga, Korelsk, and half of the corpoles, followed. In exchange for the guest, Alexander Narimuntovich came to rule, while his father remained in Lithuania. The Novgorodians did not wait for support from such a union.

Narimunt did not come to fight against the Swedes and withdrew his son from the lands. Only in the year, after the Metropolitan Feognost intervened, the world comes between Novgorod and Kalita. Prince Ivan receives the desired tribute and the title of the Novgorod ruler. Gedimin tried to avenge Novgorod land for the world prisoner with Moscow, but the war did not begin.

Ivan Kalita in the year of Alexander Tversky is executed with his son. Khan made such a decision after the denunciation of Ivan Kalita. Soon the prince returns to Moscow. By order of the ruler, the bell is removed from the Church of the Holy Savior and transported to the capital. Kalita subordinates the brother of Alexander Mikhailovich. In the biography of Kalita there are many conquest campaigns against objectionable princes.

In the year, the Moscow army was sent to Smolensk because of the unwillingness to pay tribute to the Horde. The conflict between Novgorod and Moscow is reborn again. Ivan failed to solve the dispute until the end of his life. The prince on the territory of the Moscow state builds several temples: the Savior of the Savior on Bor, the Assumption Cathedral, the Arkhangelsk Cathedral, the Church of John the Lynchik.

During the reign of the CO, the new Moscow Kremlin from Oak is rebuilded by Kalita.

The ruler is distinguished by a craving for faith. Shortly before his death, Ivan writes the Siysk Gospel. Now the Scripture is in the library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Contemporaries of Kalita characterized the ruler as a flexible and persistent prince. The Han Horde respected and trusted the Muscovite. This helped to save Moscow from raids of the Horde.

The welfare of subjects grew, dissatisfaction disappeared. Ivan Danilovich saved the principality for 40 years from looting and wars. Kalita ruthlessly dealt with opponents, stopped popular unrest because of tribute.Over the years of government, the prince accumulated wealth, inherited by children and grandchildren, including Dmitry Donskoy. From the confessions of the heir, it followed that Kalita acquired lands in other people's principalities.

Personal life Ivan Kalita was combined with marriage ties twice. In the year, Elena became the wife of the ruler. Historical data on the origin of the girl have not been preserved. They had four sons - Simeon, Daniel, Ivan and Andrei. An unknown disease crushed the health of the princely wife. The chosen one was Ulyana. Four daughters appeared in the marriage - Maria, Evdokia, Theodosius, Theoty.

Kalita married girls with personal benefit. The prince set the only condition to his son -in -law - the ruler will be disposed of the destroyers himself. Death a few months before his death, Ivan Kalita took tonsure. Preventing the consumption between his sons, the ruler distributed property during his life. Simeon Proud became the owner of two -thirds of the inheritance.

The father left him as the patron saint of younger children. Kalita on his deathbed took care of the state. Such a division has avoided the crushing of the Moscow principality. The death of the prince came in March. The funeral was held in the Arkhangelsk Cathedral, built by order of Ivan I. The death of Ivan Kalita does not know the other such ruler, who was just as advocating for Moscow.

The city was transformed during the reign of Ivan Kalita. The prince did not commit the brutal murders of opponents over the years of government, unlike his brother. From Ivan I, the tradition of giving nicknames to the rulers went. Kalita means a wallet or a leather bag for storing coins. The legend is a legend, according to which the prince was known as a generous person.

And the Holy Savior came to him pretended to be a bowl, 12 husbands per feast. And 12 husbands exclaimed, the pretend of the Holy Savior: “God forbid many summer to the Grand Duke Ivan Danilovich of all Rus'. Fill it, feed your poor. ” And the Great Prince asked the boyars and the old people of the Novotorzhites: “What kind of people did they come to me?

And the Great Prince looked at their cup, put it on his crown and said: “What, brothers, will you take my contribution to this bowl? And the Great Prince gave them a hryvnia a new contribution: “And go to me in every week and take two bowls of beer from me, the third - honey. Also go to my governors both to the posadniks and at weddings, and take three bowls of beer.

” The memory in those days of rulers was depicted in the paintings, so we can only assume how Ivan Kalita looked in the photo. The contemporaries of the prince did not make an emphasis on appearance, but described character and behavior. For example, Kalita - a calculating man, was distinguished by his mind.