Golovin brief biography

The biography of N. Golovin, Lieutenant General of the General Staff of the Russian Imperial Army, a well-known military historian and teacher, has been well studied. Without dwelling on well-known facts, in this article it is proposed to consider its activities during the exterior in exile-it was this period of its biography that was distinguished by extraordinary activity, especially in the scientific and desert field.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Golovin was born in an old noble family with long -standing traditions of service to the Fatherland. In the year, he entered the Page Corps preparing personnel officers, and graduated from him in the year. The further career of the future general took place in various parts and headquarters. He combined military service with his studies at the Imperial Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, graduating from it in the year in the first category, with scientific work.

The first scientific work of N. Golovin “Year. The Patriotic War and its heroes ”was published in the year. In the year, he defended the dissertation on military psychology on the topic: “Study of the battle. The study of the activity and properties of a person as a fighter ”on the title of an extraordinary professor of the Academy of the General Staff. According to contemporaries, this was the first experience in Russian history to study the moral and spiritual qualities of military personnel of the imperial army in extreme conditions of war.

In the year, Golovin defended the second dissertation, after which he deservedly took the post of ordinary professor of the Academy of the General Staff. During the service, he repeatedly traveled on business trips to study foreign military experience, and took an internship at the Higher Military Academy of the French Army in Paris. Before the First World War, Colonel of the General Staff N.

Golovin returned to the troops, first led the Dragun Finland regiment, and then the Life Guards, the Grodno Hussar Regiment, with which he spoke to the front. During the First World War, he was seriously wounded, and later shell -shocked. For the service of Russia in peacetime and wartime, Major General Golovin was awarded orders: St. Anna of the 1st degree, 2nd degree with swords and 3rd degree; St.

Stanislav 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees; St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree with swords and the 4th degree with swords and bow, St. George of the 4th degree, as well as to St. George weapons. After the October Revolution of the Year, Lieutenant General Golovin took part in the white movement. In November, along with units of the Russian army of General Wrangel, he was evacuated from Crimea first to Gallipoli, and then to France.

It was here that he lived the remaining 24 years of his life. Feeling outside their homeland, partially demoralized, remaining almost without a livelihood, in the conditions completely unusual for Russian person, the Russian army of Baron P. Wrangel made a very unenviable impression. However, she was still significant power. The plans of the leaders of the White movement already in the spring of the year planned to return to Russian territory to continue the struggle for power.

The command of the army in exile was accepted by Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich as the senior and most authoritative representative of the Romanov dynasty. Around him, a circle of supporters from among monarchically -minded military personnel formed. This close circle included General Golovin, who invariably participated in the development of the most important decisions about the life of Russian military emigration.

The leadership of the Russian military emigrants abroad had to rely only on their own forces, but to implement plans to renew the civil war was an excessive task - units of the army were scattered into different countries of Europe. For their consolidation and subsequent sending to Soviet Russia, considerable funds were needed that there were no, and yesterday's allies in the First World War flatly refused to support Wrangel under a variety of prepositions.

Two Russia-Soviet, remaining within the former empire, and the emigrant, which preferred departure to exile-continued confrontation, including in military theoretical surveys. For many years, yesterday's friends, acquaintances and friends in corps and regiments, schools and divisions, armies and academies of imperial Russia remained antagonists in their theoretical treatises: A.

Svechin and A. Dragomirov, A. Verkhovsky and A. Zaitsov, A. Snesarev and N. This confrontation took place under the close attention of Soviet and white -emigrant intelligence services, which are, which Carefully tracked any actions related to army construction, starting from the content of the divisions of many trains of the Red Army and ending with public lectures by General N. General Golovin, whose scientific authority made it possible to teach at the French Military Academy and at Stanford University, plunged into the work to create the foundations of the future army for the future updated, in his opinion, Russia.

He conducted an analysis of the state of military emigration and revealed that there is practically no experimental command staff with the appropriate education.For eight years, qualified personnel were knocked out by a practically non -stopped war, the place of which was mainly officers who practically did not have combat experience. The future army of renewed Russia, which monarchists dreamed about, was unthinkable without well -trained officers, and the efforts of its best representatives in exile were thrown to solve this problem.

Already at the initial stage it became clear that this problem would be difficult to solve. In a foreign land, each emigrant, first of all, was a everyday problem of survival, and not every future leader was able to combine his work with study. However, the solution was found: Golovin organized a whole network of circles for obtaining higher military education - the principles of absentee training were based on their basis.

The necessary methodological support was developed by the general himself. In the year, all circles were combined into courses of higher military self -education, which existed in almost all centers of resettlement of Russian military emigration. In 52 circles they were engaged near the person. Mugs were quite popular among young officers and among the highest officer.

In parallel with this work, N. Golovin prepared a number of fundamental works devoted to the analysis of the experience of the First World and Civil Wars in Russia. Some of them were used in the curriculum of correspondence courses, and individual materials were voiced in open public lectures. In addition, such lectures were regularly arranged in military organizations of Russian abroad, who arose in many of their many in different parts of the world.

The covers of N. Golovin’s scientific works by the spring of the year became clear that although the system of military knowledge built by General Golovin was effective, it required further development and improvement. On the eve of the creation of the Russian All-Military Union, the leadership of the military emigrant foreign countries considered it necessary to strengthen the military-theoretical training of officers.

This preparation, conducted in military-scientific courses, covered almost all kinds of troops that assigned a leading role in the fields of future battles: aircraft and technical units of the radio telegraph, tanks, armor vehicles, field and drill charters of infantry and cavalry, a charter about military service, the provision of firing from rifles and machine guns [1].

The center for the management of the courses was to become Paris. The general management of this work was planned to be assigned to General Golovin and was supposed to put it “in such a position in the material sense in which he could entirely indulge the work of the command staff. Perhaps he must be strengthened by his choice, also material -secured ”[2].

But already in May of the year, General P. Wrangel was forced to recognize the obvious - there was catastrophically lacking money for everything, including the training of new personnel: “The components of the charters would be provided to solve equations, all the values ​​of which are unknown. New charters will probably never see applications, they will not be vital ”[3].

However, the necessary means to continue research were found: Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich took proper participation in this. The new organization of public lectures helped this indirectly, when the expenses for them were paid by both officer societies and personally by the participants in the events themselves. Details are traced in the text of the letter of General P.

Shatilov, General P. Kusonsky dated May 20: “At the same time, the Grand Duke suggests a number of issues in the military field: 1. Tactical, 2. Household significance. In the tactical region, it is assumed to develop a number of instructions for actions in the battle of various military branches in relation to the military doctrine, as Western European General Staffs understand it.

In the field of household-the development of projects of charters, such as the charter of the internal service, the charter of the garrison service, the charter of the disciplinary, the development of tactical instructions is entrusted to Professor General N. The latter already appeared to his imperial highness and received appropriate instructions from him. In the same year, Golovin finished his fundamental work “Thoughts about the construction of future Russian armed forces: common grounds”, which for many years has become the main textbook both at the courses held under his leadership and at public lectures.

Not limited only to listening to lectures, the Gallipoli Society, which was part of the ROVS, at the end of the year planned to hold a "military game under the leadership of General Golovin on the maps of limitrophic states. Gulevich and Golovin, as well as Colonel of the General Staff of Zaitsov. Head - General E. Summary of the Agency materials of the Foreign Department of the United State Political Administration of the OGPU for March of the year shows a summary of the lectures given by Professor Golovin in the Gallipoli Society: “1.

The meaning of modern fire. The future doctrine of the Russian army should completely embark on the path of fire tactics. Military doctrine.The need to create unity of view through convincing science, but the Soviet specialists do not dare to move away from the “whales” of Leninism: materialism, the denial of modern culture and the national principle and a bet on the World Revolution.

Similar starting points are put by milestones on the false path, on which you can not find a true science. The quality of the troops. The dependence of the spirit of troops on social and political conditions. Protective from the decaying influence of the rear. To bring the Russian army to the highest qualitative degree of maneuverable ability, it is necessary: ​​and the strengthening of faith in the offensive power of modern firearms; In the atmosphere in which the lecture was held, the following document reports: “The Parisian department [of the Society of Officers of the General Staff] Chairman Miller and secretary Colonel Arkhangelsky arranges once a month a“ cup of tea ”, behind which the military theme of mainly Golovin, Zaitsev and Baluyev and the exchange of opinions take place.

The composition of those present does not exceed 30-40 people often interfere with the collection of personal affairs of the working person. Local information of local events is made of the navy transfer-the opinion of the French military circles, extracts from the military archive, the alleged details to change the French charter and reorganizations, etc. The main event of the year among the Russian military emigration was the official opening of “foreign higher-scientific courses in Paris under the leadership of the professor of Lieutenant General N.

Golovina ”, the purpose of which was to train and retraining of command personnel. Entrance for entrance 3 franc, for workers 2 francs for each lecture.