Bunin Creativity and Biography

New disk harrow on Selhoztehnika. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, Biography E. Emigrated.

In the lyrics, the collection “Listopad” continued the classic traditions, in stories and stories, sometimes showed the impoverishment of the noble estates “Antonov’s apples” with a nostalgic mood,, the cruel face of the village “village”, “Sukhoda”, the fatal oblivion of the moral foundations of “San Francisco”, a sharp rejection of the October Revolution in Diamond The book "Cursed Days" is published in the autobiographical novel "The Life of Arsenyev" - the reconstruction of the past of Russia, the childhood and youth of the writer.

The tragedy of human existence in the novels of love "Mitin Love",; The book "Dark Alleys" was translated by the "Song of the Gayavat" by Longfello Nobel Prize, a chick of a ruined nest of the future writer, in the conditions of a noble screaming life, finally ruined the "noble nest" of the Botyrki Khletirki Knlovsksky district. He learned to read early, had imagination from childhood and was very impressive.

Having entered the gymnasium in Yelets, I studied there for only five years, since the family had no means for this, the gymnasium had to be completed at home, and then the university was helped by the elder brother Julius, with whom the writer associated the closest relationship. The nobility by birth, Ivan Bunin did not even receive a gymnasium education, and this could not but affect his future fate.

Central Russia, in which Bunin's childhood and youth passed, deeply sunk into the soul of the writer. He believed that it was the average strip of Russia that gave the best Russian writers, and the language, the beautiful Russian language, the true expert of which he himself, in his opinion, was born and constantly enriched in these places. A literary debut with an independent life began - with a change of professions, with work both in provincial and in the capital's periodicals.

Collaborating with the editorial office of the Oryol Vestnik newspaper, the young writer met the corrector of the newspaper Varvara Vladimirovna Pashchenko, who married him to young spouses, the unheard of Pashchenko’s unanimous parents were against marriage, later moved to Poltava and began to serve statistics at the Provincial Council. The first collection of Bunin poems, still very imitative, came out.

After Pashchenko agreed with Bunin's friend A. Bibikov, the writer left the service and moved to Moscow, where his literary acquaintances with L. Tolstoy, whose personality and philosophy had the strongest influence on Bunin, with A. Chekhov, M. Teleshov, a participant in the "media" of which the young writer was. Bunin took friendship with many famous artists, his painting always attracted him to himself, not without reason his poetry is so picturesque.

In the spring, while in the Crimea, he met S. Rachmaninov and the actors of the Art Theater, whose troupe was touring in Yalta. Climbing the literary Olympus in Bunin’s story “Antonov apples”, which later entered the entire textbook of Russian prose. The story is distinguished by nostalgic poetry by mourning of ruined noble nests and artistic honeness. At the same time, the "Antonov apples" were criticized for the noble blood rushed by the Famiam of Blue Blood.

During this period, wide literary fame comes: for the poetry collection "Listopad", as well as for the translation of the poem of the American poet-romantic G. Longfello "Song of Gayavat", Bunin was awarded to the Russian Academy of Sciences Pushkin Prize later, in it was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences. Bunin’s poetry was already distinguished by the devotion of the classical tradition, this line in the future will penetrate all his work.

The poetry that brought him fame developed under the influence of Pushkin, Fet, Tyutchev. But she possessed only her inherent qualities. So, Bunin gravitates to the sensually-fraud image; The picture of nature in Bunin poetry consists of smells, acutely perceived colors, sounds. An epithet played in Bunin’s poetry and prose, used by the writer, as it were, emphasized subjectively, arbitrarily, but at the same time endowed with the persuasiveness of sensory experience.

Family life. A journey to the east of Bunin's family life with the young daughter of the Odessa rich man Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni also unsuccessfully developed, their son Kolya died and the only child of the writer had no more children. In Bunin, he met Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, who became the writer's companion throughout his subsequent life. Muromtseva, possessing outstanding literary abilities, left wonderful literary memories of her husband "Bunin's Life", "Conversations with Memory." Not only the vivid, colorful impressions of the trip, but also the feeling of a new round of history of history gave the creativity of Bunin a new, fresh impulse.

Turn in creativity.A mature master, if in the works of the earlier ones - the stories of the collection “On the End of the World”, as well as in the stories “Antonov’s apples”, “Epitaph”, Bunin addresses the topic of petty -field impoverishment, nostalgically tells about the life of the poor noble estates, then in the works written after the first Russian revolution, the topic of drama of the Russian historical fate is the village, the main thing becomes.

, "Sukhodol", both novels were a huge success among readers. Gorky noted that the writer was raised by the question “a Russian village, Bunin considered it, the writer was accused of a sharply negative reflection of the life of the village. The journey was made in the Bunini first to Europe, and then to Egypt and Ceylon. The echoes of this journey, the impression that the Buddhist culture made on the writer, is noticeable in the story“ Brothers ”in the spring - in the spring - in the spring - in the spring Again abroad, the Trapezund, Constantinople, Bucharest, then in Capri.

In the collections of stories "Chalice of Life", "Mr. from San Francisco" come out. In the prose of these years, the writer's idea of ​​the tragedy of the life of the world, about the doom and fratricidal nature of the modern civilization, the stories "Mr. from San Francisco", "Brothers" are expanding. This goal is also the symbolic, according to the writer, the use of epigraphs in these works from the revelation of John the Theologian, from the Buddhist canon, literary allusions present in the texts a comparison of the hold of the steamer in the "master of San Francisco" with the ninth circle of Dante hell.

The themes of this period of creativity are death, fate, the will of chance. Conflict is usually resolved by death. The only values ​​that have survived in the modern world, the writer considers love, beauty and life of nature. But the love of Bunin heroes is tragically painted and, as a rule, the "grammar of love" is doomed. The theme of the combination of love and death, which communicates the marginal severity and tension of the love of love, is characteristic of Bunin's work until the last years of his writer's life.

The heavy burden of the writer's emigration at that time was the book of journalism “Cursed Days” Bunins leave Moscow to Odessa, and then abroad, to France, a break with his homeland, as it turned out later, forever, was tormented for the writer. The topics of the writer's pre -revolutionary work are revealed in the work of the emigrant period, and in an even greater fullness.

The works of this period are permeated with the thought of Russia, about the tragedy of Russian history of the 20th century, about the loneliness of a modern person, which only for a brief moment is violated by the invasion of the love passion of the stories of “Mitin Love”, “Sunny blow”, “Dark Alleys”, the autobiographical novel “The Life of Arsenyev”,, Binarism of Buninsky thinking - the idea of ​​the drama of life, associated with the idea of ​​about the idea of ​​the idea The beauty of the world, ”the intensity of development and tension tells Bunin's plots.

The same intensity of being is tangible in the Bunin art details, which has acquired even greater sensual reliability in comparison with works of early creativity. Bunin turned to the genre of a short story "Elephant", "Calm head", "roosters", etc. This is the result of the writer's searches of the ultimate laconicism, the ultimate semantic saturation, semantic "capacity" of prose.

In exile, relations with prominent Russian emigrants at the Bunins were difficult, and Bunin did not have a sociable character. He became the first Russian writer awarded the Nobel Prize. It was, of course, a blow to the Soviet leadership. The official press, commenting on this event, explained the decision of the Nobel Committee by the machinations of imperialism. The time of the century of death of A.

Pushkin Bunin, speaking at the evenings of the poet’s memory, spoke of "Pushkin’s ministry here, outside the Russian land." With the outbreak of World War II, Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the villa of Zhannet, where they held the whole war. The writer closely monitored the events in Russia, abandoning any forms of cooperation with the Nazi occupation authorities.

He was very painfully experiencing defeats of the Red Army on the Eastern Front, and then sincerely rejoiced at its victories. Galina Nikolaevna Kuznetsova, who became a deep later attachment of the writer, lived in the side of the Bunin's side with the Bunin family. Possessing literary abilities, she created works of a memoir character, the most memorable image of Bunin’s “Grass Diary”, an article “Bunin’s memory”.

Living in poverty, he stopped the publication of his works, a lot and seriously ill, he nevertheless wrote a book of memories in recent years, worked on the book "On Chekhov", published posthumously in New York. Bunin has repeatedly expressed a desire to return to his homeland, the decree of the Soviet government "On the restoration of the citizenship of the USSR, the Zvezdan and Leningrad magazines, which trampled A.

Akhmatov and M. Zoshchenko, forever awarded the writer from the intention to return to their homeland. The writer's works were outdated to all European languages ​​and some eastern ones.He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Geneviev-de-Bois, near Paris.