Biography of Adelaide Simonovich

The first lady of preschool pedagogy is the return of forgotten names. Adelaide Simonovich Adelaide Semenovna Simonovich went down in the history of our country as the founder of Russian preschool pedagogy, who created the first kindergarten in Russia in the year. Her biography is saturated with events and is amazing in its own way. The last years of her life are associated with our city: she spent the years in Sergiev Posad, raising her great-grandchildren in the house of the famous graphic artist Vladimir Favorsky.

On the advice of Herzen Adelaide Bergman subsequently, according to her husband, Simonovich was born in October in Moscow in the Lutheran family, the owners of a small shop of colonial goods. After graduating from a five -year school, she independently prepared and passed the exam for the title of home teacher. I tried to get higher education at Moscow University, but she, as a woman, was denied lectures.

She was engaged in self -education, read a lot. Her ideal was the writer and journalist Alexander Herzen, whose books and articles helped the future teacher to determine the life goal - to work for the good of the people. In the beginning of the x, Adelaide Semenovna married a pediatrician Yakov Mironovich Simonovich, with whom she traveled to Switzerland in the year. There she listened to lectures, was carried away by the teaching of the Swiss teacher Friedrich Frebel, a supporter of the organization of kindergartens.

In Geneva, I met twice with Alexander Herzen, who advised the spouses to return and try their hand at their homeland. In the year, the Simonovichi spouses opened in St. Petersburg the first folk kindergarten for children from three to eight years old. At this time, Adelaide Semenovna was 22 years old. That first kindergarten lasted several years. In addition to outdoor games, it was carried out by sewing, design, and homeland studies.

Adelaide Semenovna developed a domestic system of preschool pedagogy, substantiated the importance and need to develop public preschool education in our country, at the same time released the first journal dedicated to the issues of raising young children. The magazine on education The monthly pedagogical magazine "Kindergarten" was published in St. Petersburg in the GG.

Simonovich recalled in the year: “There was absolutely no material for classes in kindergarten. I had to make games, works, stories, select songs and so on ... We did not have employees: all articles were composed exclusively by us two with my husband - ed. Even sending by mail. It was in the full sense of the word a magazine of artisanal origin, which existed without fixed capital, only by personal labor.

” The main goal of the magazine was the creation of kindergartens in Russia and promoting their distribution through practical recommendations. Subsequently, the articles from this magazine were twice reprinted and formed the basis of Russian preschool pedagogy. The general pedagogical views of Adelaide Simonovich believed that raising children to school should proceed not only at home, but also in kindergarten.

He needs comrades for games and classes, ”she wrote.

Simonovich as follows determined the purpose and appointment of a kindergarten: “Kindergarten is an educational institution for young children from 3 to 7 years old without distinction of classes, religion and gender. He is not an institution in which children only play among themselves, as at home, not led by anyone; In the same way, he is not an institution in which there is only supervision of the behavior of children so as not to be naughty.

The purpose of the kindergarten is the physical, mental and consistently moral development of children. He thus complements the family education insufficient for many reasons and at the same time prepares the child for admission to school. Therefore, the kindergarten is a connecting link between the family and the school. ” In the year, the family of the spouses of Simonovich for family reasons moved to Tiflis and also opened a kindergarten there - this time international.

He was visited by Russian, Armenian and Georgian children. Then, six years later, they returned to Petersburg again, where the husband of Adelaide Semenovna received the place of a doctor of a children's hospital. By this time, Simonovich already had six children. In the future - O. Trubnikova became the wife of V. Serova - Ed. During these years, Adelaide Semenovna led a small private school and attended lectures at the Historical and Philology Faculty of Bestuzhevsk Higher Women's Courses.

In the summer, when the school did not work, she arranged a nursery in the school room and a preschool site. In the year, the family suffered a great grief: the father of the family Yakov Mironovich Simonovich died for a day. In the Sergievsky Posad, Adelaide Semenovna lived a long, bright, interesting life. In the last years of her life, Adelaide Semenovna began to see poorly, she was almost blind.

So that she could write, great -grandchildren made her a stencil with slots. Whether they were familiar with each other is unknown. Adelaide Simonovich died in the year at the age of 89, until recent years, maintaining complete clarity of mind and impressionability.