GD Netkachev Biography

Stuttering stuttering is one of the nervous suffering, known by the name of psychnections. These latter do not have, for the most part, noticeable organic, pathologist, and in patients, they are clinically expressed in increased sensitivity, impaired normal well -being and, especially, the presence of different obsessive mental states from the field of feelings and will, or an intellectual sphere, obsessive thought.

At the heart of his stutter - G. with the age of the patient, such fear is finally captured by all the activity of thinking, feeling and will. The personality formed under such conditions is also cowardly done forever if mental treatment does not come to the rescue. Survation is the suffering of purely mental, expressed by convulsive movements in the apparatus of speech, the development of the coordination of almost all the components of this apparatus, accompanied by obsessive thoughts, obsessive fear and emotions of shame, anger and grief, in addition, this psychophyrosis produces anxious-suspicious character with such suspicion, suspiciousness, self-uncertainty, eternal uncertainty, eternal uncertainty grief or malicious irritability.

The causes of illness I. In families where there are and there were stags, children are most likely to be the same, boys are more often than girls. Danger also threatens children from the parents of old, nervous or suffering from mental illness pathological character, hysteria, epilepsy, neurasthenia, progressive paralysis, etc. Not appropriate education, strict, built on intimidation and punishment, and spoiled, pampling.

The school time always increases the existing stuttering and often creates in turn the reason for the appearance of stuttering in children extremely embarrassed, timid, pampered or clogged. Strict teachers; Unjust mark, examination time - all this is surplus harmful, psychological moments. Psychological reasons from the life of the child: unexpected fear, embarrassment, timidity and prolonged grief.

A personal mental predisposition consists in increasing overall sensitivity, excessive emotion, i.e. such a feature - excessive mobility and sensitivity - is often noticed in children, but it is most dangerous during the period of recovery from acute -and -haired diseases: measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, typhoid, influent, etc. Diseases indirectly affecting stuttering: severe anemia, Berkan scrofulosis, linen hypertrophy, alcohol polypolate, night incontinence of urine, masturbation and night fear.

The prediction of all forms of stuttering are certainly cured, only persistent conduct of the psychological method is required for a continuation of more or less sufficient time. The existing terms per month mean light and media of the form, and labor requires a longer time. The best age for treatment is from 10 to 30 years. In the treatment of stuttering, there are severe cases that are cured with great difficulty.

These include the following. Patients dejected by seizures of long -standing melancholy or hypochondria, repeating over known intervals. Such seizures, consisting of painful vague longing and oppressed mood, strongly suppress the patient, and sometimes to the point that during this period he completely refuses to speak.

Patients, treated repeatedly, but unsuccessfully, lose not only all trust, but, most importantly, vigor, the initiative for every bold act is a kind of speech Abulia. Patients shocked and suppressed even with fresh misfortunes: the death of parents, unsuccessful love, unsatisfactory exam and so on. Patients are sluggish, apathetic, unbelievers, reluctantly accepting for treatment and in this matter are more likely to be inferior to the desire of parents than their own motivation.

Finally, this can also be attributed to illiterate, retarded in the development of mental abilities living in a rough non -vulnery environment or in the position of always dependent, intimidated, offended and persecuted. The presentation of the psychological method of the respiratory gymnastics is completely ignored by the psychological method not only by its sleeplessness, but also because it is harmful, inspiring the patient with a false thought that he will get rid of stuttering through the respiratory movements of the artificial, and not the general psychological transformation of his entire personality.

The program of the psychological method can be summarized to explain to the patient the essence of suffering, the origin and its modern state on the basis of his own medical history, written before joining the hospital. Create the correct engine sensations and representations in the process of pronouncing sounds, syllables, words and phrases, belong to the places of articulation.

Say the words boldly, confidently, observing in each stress, without shocks and tension, in accordance with the law of the least muscle efforts. Familiarization with verbal images of speech: auditory, motor, mental, visual and written.To develop courage not only in the speech apparatus, but also at the same time in all expressive places of the body. To treat a sick person, not only speech.

To weaken and destroy his suspicion, embarrassment, etc. to develop the correct observation in society, to teach how to be able to focus on not one thing, but also on other objects. He completely destroy “obsessive thoughts” and “difficult words” and an obsessive fear of speech and during a conversation, existing in the image of a municipal expectation and tense attention.

Clean the imagination of the usual images and pictures of fear and gradually replace them with images and paintings of courage acquired by daily successes in colloquial speech. To teach to use your failures as useful lessons for the future. To teach to quit all tricks as a product of former defensive behavior, due to fear. Leave your former behavior and develop in each case of the conversation an offensive behavior against the danger, that is, the practice of courage, calm, self -control.

Daily practice in colloquial speech at home and in society, is a speech freed from obsessive thoughts, tricks, obsessive fear, as well as the practice of bold behavior. Report in their successes, failures. The diary is verbal and written. Now what the psychological method of treatment uses, as an external tool. He recognizes, as a psychological tool, the following techniques: sound formation, word and phrase; The latter in the form of reading, story and especially colloquial speech.

At the same time, the phrase can be pronounced with a voice, a shopkeeper, mentally, but always at first slowly no examples for imitation are proposed, and each patient develops his own individual manner to speak in accordance with his development, the image of the lesson and social position. In addition, special attention is paid simultaneously to the practice of mental speech, which is also recognized as the injured, stuttering, despite the visible absence of convulsive during the self -thinking process.

All didactic exercises in the form of respiratory gymnastics, voice and articulatory are completely rejected not only as non -pale techniques, but also unconditionally harmful, leading not only to ugly artificial speech, but also creating a new obsession in the mind of the patient and new tricks. Psychological treatment of stuttering in childhood still did not even have a modest attempt to help parents with children Zaik at an early age from the years I will offer a number of famous measures that helped me in such cases.

If the child suddenly fell ill with stuttering after any strong affect, or fright, then the following method must be applied to him: to separate it immediately from other children into a separate room; To declare seriously sick without access to him other children. If there are many children in the family, then you can place it in another good family; It is necessary to do not violate the usual classes and games, in general, the child’s habits, to divide with him patiently such a game, to amuse as much as possible for the stay in bed not to seem boring in the early days.

This measure is recommended for the purpose in order to avoid and suppress the mobility of the child, which in this case is harmful and put it immediately in the conditions of monotony and the late environment. On the other hand, bodily and mental calm is established by the same measure, since fear is amazing at both for a long time. In addition to all this, if the child’s convulsion did not yield to these measures, then without hesitation to start talking to him in a whisper and demand the same whisper from him.

If he resisted such advice, then in this case it is recommended to tilt his head to the child from the care of the mother and ask him to speak in the ear. Then the child will understand what they demand from him. Every day of stay in bed, to which he is already starting to relate indifferently, he continues to speak slowly without a hurry, without difficulty, and in him gradually, step by step, a belief in himself, in his speech, awakens with fear.

As soon as the tactile, noticeable result of the talism of the child’s reassurance, his speech was pronounced correctly and clearly, this is an indication that you can reduce the severity of the bed mode - allow the child to sit in the chair, on the sofa, or on the floor for several minutes and hours, so that he was again in bed. He can take toys on the sofa and play equally with them during lying and sitting.

Thus permission to give the child as a reward for obedience for saying quietly, slowly and that mom and others like it. Then you can allow you to let in in turn, and separately other children, better than the elders, repeating to them that with the sick patient the doctor ordered not to speak much, not long and slowly, because otherwise the patient is very excited and tired, he will be worse.Further, the child is given great freedom, he can approach, ask questions, fulfill instructions and all this, preferably, calmly and boldly.

If the cause of fear is known: a dog, a fire, a quarrel, an unexpected scream or noise, a night fright of a dream, a fall from the stairs, etc. All these verses have aimed to cause a strong impression in the child’s imagination, an involuntary desire to compare himself and act in such cases in these scenes. It is recommended to act in the same way in cases of chronic stuttering.

In the foreground - in addition to these direct techniques of psychological treatment, it is also recommended that the methods of treatment, which should be called indirect. During the patient’s lying in bed, you can do a general or local massage, use warm baths, for example, twice a week, a duration of minutes, with a body rubbing, using a long or furry towel, sheets. According to the doctor’s prescription, either an indifferent medicine for lubrication of the throat is prescribed or lubrication of iodine tincture is made on the outside, etc.

It is further recommended for the power to power and strengthen the nervous system and, above all, milk at least at least two glasses daily. If the child is not literate, then it is imperative to teach him literacy even prematurely, for example, at six years old, because then when learning, the very way of pronouncing sounds is facilitated, but to do this by sound method, avoiding a jerking pronunciation, making it smooth, slow.

If the child is competent and knows how to immediately pronounce words, then it will be necessary to teach him to read calmly when he is alone or in the presence of outsiders. Here, stuttering is more difficult, because it is reflected not only on the conversational, but also on the child’s book speech. How to handle Zaika’s child, I think it is necessary to say that at every Zaika should look at as a serious patient and treat him as a very impressive and irritable creature that surpasses the same peer several times in its sensitivity.

Netkachev G. His essence, causes, origin, warning and treatment in childhood and in adults. A new psychological method of treatment. Reader on the speech therapy of extraction and texts. Textbook for students of higher and secondary schools: in 2 tt. Volkova and V.