Peter 1 Biography Personal

Peter I, Catherine, the eldest son Alexei, the youngest two -year -old son Peter and daughter Anna and Elizabeth Peter I did not like his first wife, so he sent her to the monastery and married a simple maid of the pastor of a small Baltic town - Marta Skavronskaya. She was captured by Russian soldiers, and then she became the mistress of the closest friend of Peter, Alexander Menshikov.

Peter made her his wife. There is a legend that since Martha was a German, Peter punished his descendants to marry only the German. So it was or not, it is difficult to say, the fact remains: all subsequent Romanovs married the German princesses. In Orthodox baptism, Marta began to be called Catherine. Lonely and unhappy in his personal life, Peter was increasingly attached to Catherine.

It was distinguished by a cheerful, even, affectionate character; She easily adapted to Peter's whims, put up with his outbreaks of causeless anger, knew how to help him during the attacks of epilepsy, and easily shared the difficulties of camping life with him. Peter attracted not only appearance in it, but also mental qualities. Such a case is characteristic. When during the Turkish war the Russian army was surrounded, Peter, out of pride, abandoned the shameful world.

It was decided either to die or break through the ranks of the Turks. The forces of the Turks significantly exceeded the forces of the Russians, and this meant the death of the Russian army. But Catherine found another way out: she gathered all her jewelry and bribed the Turkish commander in chief, who ordered the Russians to let the Russians out of the encirclement.

In honor of these events, Peter I established the female Order of the Great Martyr Catherine and the first order granted his wife. The portrait of Peter I. Portrait of Catherine I. Catherine did not directly participate in resolving political issues, but had a certain influence on the king, in particular, it is believed that she often appeared before the king of Menshikov's intercessor.

Having become the emperor in the year, Peter crowned the imperial crown and Catherine. Peter I and Catherine had nine children, but seven of them died at an early age, only two daughters survived - Elizabeth and Anna. This event was new and, as it were, emphasized the new position of the woman in the Russian court. Peter increasingly came the thoughts of the heir to the state created by him, and these thoughts were bleak.

Noticed that Peter's character changed. He became silent, gloomy, often looking for solitude. Sometimes he, as it were, mechanically, in old memory, indulged in a rampant, but drunkenness no longer dispersed his thoughtfulness, but only destroyed health. Heavy ailments gradually prevailed over him. It is known that the king transferred his dislike of Evdokia to her son Tsarevich Alexei.

The prince paid him the same; Behind his appearance, a stubborn condemnation of all the actions and deeds of his father was hidden. Peter felt it and was even more angry. In the end, mutual hatred led to a painful end. Around the prince, the boyars rallied, dreaming of a return to old customs and orders. Alexey Petrovich was indecisive and limp. He became a member of the opposition to the reforms of Peter.

From birth, Alexei was brought up without attention from his father, lived with his mother and, although he was gifted, did not want to study anything. Rumors about the negligence of Alexei, his idle pastime, which led to the conflict between his son and the father, with difficulty settled by the second wife of Peter, Catherine in the year, reached the king. Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich in Peterhof, "oppressed by his father" Alexei defiantly fled abroad.

Peter sent a chase behind him. In February, Alexei was brought to Moscow, where the ceremony of renouncing him from the throne and reconciliation with his father took place. Nevertheless, the next day, in violation of Peter's data to the son of promises, the investigation was launched. In June, Alexei was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. According to some reports, Peter himself participated in his torture, personally driving his son needles under his nails.

Tsarevich was sentenced to death, on June 26 under unclear circumstances, he died, apparently killed by order of the king. The king reacted with an indifference to the death of his son.

The day after the death of Alexei, Peter solemnly celebrated the anniversary of the Battle of Poltava. Peter had fun and danced, and at that time Alexei's body was exhibited in the church of St. In the year, Peter was unwell, but this did not force him to abandon the habits of nomadic life, which accelerated his death. Peter worked all night and managed to save the life of twenty people.

The king caught a cold, a fever and the heat prevented him from going on, and Peter returned to Petersburg. Upon returning to the capital, he was waiting for a blow. He learned that a love affair was established between Catherine and William Mons. At the end of the investigation, Peter did not act with the usual speed, for almost two weeks he skillfully hid anger and jealousy.

Soon, a stormy explanation occurred between the spouses. Mons was arrested and accused of abuse of their influence and criminal intrigues. The name of the empress was never mentioned.Catherine dared to petition her lover in front of her husband, but Peter became so furious that in front of the sloland's eyes he broke an expensive mirror. Catherine showed no embarrassment and saved her life with such firmness, but there was no question of reconciliation.

In December, Lefort wrote in his dispatch about the imperial freight: "They almost do not speak to each other, do not dine and do not sleep together." Some believe that Peter only put off his revenge, suggesting before to arrange the fate of his daughters, otherwise they could barely get married. The sovereign’s health became worse from day to day: he opened signs of stone illness.

The fussy life goes its own way until the end of January, when, finally, you have to resort to doctors whom Peter did not want to listen to this time before. But time is lost, and the disease is incurable. Nikitin I. Peter I on his deathbed, Peter was engaged in state affairs until January 16. From this day, his disease intensified to such an extent that the emperor leaned to bed and shouted from painful pain.

Peter no longer had the strength to scream and only moaned. Catherine did not leave the bed of the dying man. It seems only then she managed to come to terms with him. But there was a question about the heir, whom, by his own decree, Peter had to appoint himself. Peter ordered to call Anna Cesarevna to dictate to her. She entered, but he could not say anything. Those present began to say goodbye to him.

He greeted everyone with a quiet gaze, and then sent him away, remaining only with the priest. Peter died on January 28 at a quarter of the sixth in the morning of the year in the hands of Catherine, having lived in the incomplete 53 years, and not having time to appoint the heir. No matter how relate to his methods and style of transformation, one cannot but admit that Peter the Great is one of their most noticeable figures of world history.

In conclusion, we can cite the words of Nartov - contemporary of Peter: "We without fear of learning about our father in order that we studied the noble fearlessness and truth from him." List of used literature Pavlenko, N. Zherdeva, head of the information and bibliographic department.