Chaliapin biography

Chaliapin F. Biography Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin was born on February 13 in Kazan in a peasant family of immigrants from the Vyatka province. The family lived poorly and dysfunctional. Fedor studied at a private school, from which he was excluded for poor behavior. Then there were a parish and craft school, he left the latter due to a serious illness of his mother. On this, the state -owned formation of Chaliapin is over.

Once Fedor heard choral singing in the church, and it fascinated him. He asked for a choir, and he was accepted. The 9-year-old Chaliapin had a rumor and a beautiful voice-a discant, he was taught notomic literacy and even put a salary. At the age of 12, Chaliapin first got to the theater - at the Russian Wedding. From this moment on, the theater “drove crazy” Chaliapin and became his passion for life.

When the opera arrived in Kazan, she, according to the singer, amazed him. Chaliapin really wanted to look behind the scenes, and he made his way to the stage. He was taken by a statist "For Pyatak." The career of the great opera singer was still far away. Ahead was a breakdown of voice, moving to Astrakhan, a hungry life and a return to Kazan. The first solo performance of Chaliapin - the Party of Zaretsky in the opera Evgeny Onegin - took place at the end of March.

In September, he moves to Ufa as a chorist, where he transforms into a soloist, replacing the sick artist. The debut of summer Chaliapin at the Opera Galki was appreciated and occasionally entrusted him with small parties. But the theater season ended, and Chaliapin was again without work and without money. He played passing roles, wandering and in despair even thought about suicide. Friends who advised us to take lessons from Dmitry Usatov, a former artist of imperial theaters.

Usatov not only learned the famous operas with him, but also taught the basics of etiquette. He introduced a newcomer into a musical circle, and soon to the Opera Lyubimov, already under a contract. Having successfully played over 60 performances, Chaliapin goes to Moscow, and then to St. Petersburg. After the successful role of Mephistopheles in Faust, Chaliapin is invited to samples in the Mariinsky Theater and enrolled in the troupe for three years.

Chaliapin receives a party of Ruslan at Glinka’s opera Ruslan and Lyudmila, but critics wrote that Chaliapin sang “badly”, and he was left without roles for a long time. A little later, Chaliapin gets acquainted with the famous philanthropist Savva Mamontov, who offers him the place of the soloist of the Russian private opera. In the year, the artist moves to Moscow and successfully performs for four seasons, improving his repertoire and skills.

Since the year, Chaliapin - in the troupe of the imperial Russian opera in Moscow and has been successful with the public. He is also accepted with enthusiasm at the La Scala Milan Theater - there Chaliapin performed in the image of Mephistopheles. Success was amazing, proposals began to pour from all over the world. In the year, Chaliapin becomes the artistic director of the Mariinsky Theater and receives the first title of "People's Artist of the Republic" in Russia.

Despite the fact that Chaliapin from his youth sympathized with the revolution, he and his family did not escape emigration. The new government confiscated the artist a house, a car, and saving in a bank. He tried to protect his family and the theater from attacks, repeatedly met with the leaders of the country, including Lenin and Stalin, but this helped only temporarily.

In the year, Chaliapin with his family leaves Russia, touring in Europe and America. In the year of the Council of People's Commissars, he deprives him of the title of People's Artist and the right to return to his homeland. The Chaliapin family is justified in Paris, and it is there that the opera singer will find his last refuge. Doctors are diagnosed with leukemia. The great artist was gone on April 12.

Chaliapin was buried in Paris, and only in the year did his son Fedor achieved the reburial of the dust of his father in Moscow, in the Novodevichy cemetery.

In the year, 53 years after his death, Fedor Chaliapin was returned to the title of People's Artist. Fedor Chaliapin made an invaluable contribution to the development of opera art. In his repertoire - over 50 roles played in classic operas, more than songs, romances and Russian folk songs. Not only his magnificent voice delighted the audience. Chaliapin paid great attention to the stage image of his heroes: he reincarnated in them on stage.

Fedor Chaliapin was married twice, and from both marriages he had 9 children. With the first wife - the Italian ballerina Iola Tornagi - the singer met in the Mamontov Theater. In the year they got married, and in this marriage, Slyapin had six children, one of whom died at an early age. After the revolution, Iola Tornagi lived in Russia for a long time, and only at the end of the X moved to Rome at the invitation of her son.

Being married, in the year Fedor Chaliapin comes closer to Maria Petzold, who raised two children from his first marriage. The first marriage was not yet terminated, but in fact the singer in Petrograd had a second family. In this marriage, Chaliapin had three daughters, but the couple was able to officially formalize their relations in Paris in the year. With Maria Fedor Chaliapin spent the last years of his life.