Biography Roal Amundsen

Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was born on July 16. G. in childhood was carried away by the history of polar research, including the missing expedition to John Franklin British Rear Admiral, in the GG. In the city of G. in the gg. The expedition set itself the goal of reaching the southern magnetic pole, but almost ended in tragedy due to unforeseen wintering in the ice. During a long drift and illness, Captain Amundsen actually took command.

Under his leadership, the team took up the extraction of marine animals to provide themselves with food and warm clothes. On the expedition, Amundsen gained the necessary experience and he already organized all further trips himself. The northwestern passage in the city of Amundsen bought a used fishing yacht Yoa, on which he went to the Arctic with six crew members.

The purpose of the expedition was to determine the current coordinates of the Northern Magnetic Pole at that time, they change over time. In addition, Amundsen wanted to complete Franklin and conquer the northwest passage. Having left Norway on June 17, from there, Amundsen made several sanarium campaigns to the northern magnetic pole, determining his exact position. In August, the northwest path was traveled.

The South Pole was the next goal of Amundsen to get to the North Pole, repeating the undertaken in the GG. For this, it was supposed to use Nansen Fram, specially designed for difficult polar conditions and had already visited two Arctic expeditions. But after the emergence of information about the journey of Robert Piri, who claimed that he had already reached the pole in April, the expedition of both the North and South Pole at that time, several countries were preparing at once, so Amundsen kept his intentions secret.

The fact that his goal has changed from the Arctic to Antarctica became known after the Fram left Europe. And the main rival of Amundsen Briton Robert Scott received the corresponding telegram only before his own departure from New Zealand. Polar night from April to August. Experience, thorough planning in particular, the preliminary organization of food warehouses in the first section of the path to the pole and back, the more successful choice of the wintering place and means of transportation Amundsen used Greenland dogs, while Scott -Manchu ponies allowed Amundsen's expeditions to get out of winter and ahead of the pole to the pole for almost a month.

Amundsen and four of his satellites reached the South Pole, overcoming the Ross glacier from above the Km. After a thorough calculation of the coordinates, they left there a silk tent with the Norwegian flag, a pennant of Fram and two letters to Robert Scott and King of Norway. Scott reached the pole only on January 18, the expedition to the North Pole, the journey to the pole made Amundsen a national hero and made it possible to earn on public performances, lectures and the sale of rights to publish his memoirs and materials of the expedition.

Having invested the money in the freight business traditional for his family, Amundsen took up the construction of a new polar ship. Its design was based on the drawings of Fram that had already come into the dilapidation, but took into account the experience of previous expeditions. With the permission of the Norwegian royal family, the ship was named after the wife of King Hocon VII - Mod.

On the schooner, Mod Amundsen wanted to repeat Nansen’s drift through the Arctic Ocean and still reach the North Pole, having previously passed the northeast passage now-the Northern Sea Route along the coast of Eurasia. The expedition left Norway in the summer of G. However, adverse ice conditions did not allow her to advance to the pole. Amundsen was disappointed in his venture and returned to Europe.

Polar aviation with the following idea of ​​Amundsen was the conquest of the North Pole in the air. He became rapidly developing aircraft in the city of GG. They reached 87 degrees 43 minutes of north latitude, but one of the aircraft crashed, and on the second both teams returned back with great difficulty. A new attempt was made in May of G. expedition, headed by Amundsen, Nobile and sponsor, the American industrialist and researcher Lincoln Elsurt made a nonsense flight along the Svaldbergen -Alaska route.

The flight took 71 hours, Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped directly above the pole. The death of Roal Amundsen disappeared on June 18, 2 hours 45 minutes after taking off, the aircraft last in touch for the last time. Subsequently, his fragments were discovered in the Barents Sea. Umberto Nobile and his companions were found five days later by the Swedish pilot Einar Lundborg and saved on July 12 by the Soviet icebreaker Krasin.

The family, the memory of Amundsen was never married and had no children. During the journey, G. Roal Amundsen had state and public awards of many countries of the world.His name is the sea, mountain and a glacier in the Antarctic, the American Antarctic Scientific Station Amundsen - Scott, Bay and Callin in the Northern Arctic Ocean, a crater at the South Pole of the Moon and an asteroid.