Briefly Pushkins biographies

Alexander Pushkin: “I erected a monument to myself unmarried ...” Orest Kiprensky. Portrait A. Photo: Tretyakov Gallery. By decree of Vladimir Putin, the coming year was named the year of the great Russian poet. A brief biography of Alexander was born on June 6 in Moscow in the family of officer Sergei Lvovich and his wife Natalia Osipovna. From the years he studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

Raised by French tutors, from home schooling only a wonderful knowledge of French and a love of reading took out. Sasha devoted his free time to literature, and in the year he published in the magazine "Bulletin of Europe" his first poem "To a Friend-Carier". A year later, the talent of a literary genius was appreciated by the famous poet and statesman Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin, to whom young Pushkin read his poem “Memories in Tsarskoye Selo”.

The eminent husband was in full delight, and the poem was published in the journal Russian Museum. Political lyrics of Pushkin - GG. However, in May, G. A B M was sent to Mikhailovskoye to exile for two years for "flooding Russia with outrageous verses." They had four children and two boys and two girls. He was wounded, and died on February 10 at the age of 37.

He was buried on the territory of the Svyatogorsky monastery of the Pskov province.

Interesting facts about Pushkin Pushkin are “our everything” not only for Russians. His great -grandfather Abram Hannibal was born in Africa, but the exact place of the birth of a relative is unknown. The author devoted his unfinished novel “Arap Peter the Great” to him. Disputes about the ethnic origin of Pushkin are still underway. For a couple of centuries, three established opinions have been formed on this subject.

The ancestors of the poet were allegedly originally from A Ethiopia, B Cameroon, in Eritrea. Each side finds significant “evidence” of its correctness, with mutual claims that it is this country that has the right to claim the title of the homeland of the great -grandfather. Ethiopia erected a monument to Alexander Sergeyevich in her capital Addis Abab with the inscription “The Great Ethiopian Poet”, and Eritrea put the sculpture in her capital - Asmera.

Israel also presented complaints about kinship with Pushkin. To the then Foreign Minister of Israel, he said that "we came to the conclusion that its roots are the Ethiopian Jew." Lyceum teachers did not consider Pushkin a diligent student. The boverner of the Lyceum Chirikov gave him a characteristic “A. Frous, windy, untidy, negligent, however, good -natured, diligent, courting, has a special passion for poetry.

” According to the results of the final exams, the poet took the place from the information: the end of the lyceum provided for passing 15 exams for 17 days, and objects included several languages, history, right, mathematics, physics and geography. Pushkin knew foreign languages ​​very well. There were more than 3.5 thousand books in his library, and only a third of them in Russian.

He freely owned French and English, translated works from German and Spanish, read in Italian, Church Slavonic, Serbian, Polish and ancient Greek. It is noteworthy that the poet wrote the first children's verses in French. As a child, he was fascinated by French and French poetry, for which he received from his peers the nickname "Frenchman". At the same time, Pushkin became the first Russian writer of that time to write exclusively in Russian.

It was thanks to Alexander Sergeyevich that the Russian language was enriched with many new words and introduced many new words into everyday life - “mechanically”, “vulgar”, “galoshes”, “future”, “industry”, “touching”. The poet is considered the founder of the modern Russian literary language. In the year, Pushkin compiled his Don Juan list, which included 37 women.

Interestingly, he called his future wife Natalia Goncharov in one of the letters to Princess Vera Vyazemskaya Alexander “Love”. Biographers believe that this figure did not correspond to reality. In the year, during the southern exile, in Chisinau, the poet joined the Masonic Lodge of Ovid, a distinctive feature of which was a long nail on one of the fingers.

In order not to break it, Alexander Sergeyevich wore a thimble on the right little finger. Many contemporaries of the genius were also included in such communities. As a fan of card games, the poet often lost large amounts of money. Once he even lost the not yet published chapter of Evgeny Onegin, but later he was able to return it. And in the year, a genius in one evening lowered almost 25 thousand rubles.

For comparison: the cow could cost rubles, that is, at a time he lost the cost of 5 thousand cows. Since years, Alexander Sergeyevich served as a collegial secretary of the Civil Defense Property in the Ministry of Foreign Delhi and received rubles a year, that is, about 58 rubles a month, which is approximately equal to the cost of 19 cows. At the same time, his friend Nashchokin recalled that “Pushkin was generous, generous with money.

He did not serve the poor less than 25 rubles. " Is it a lot or little? One line of the novel "Eugene Onegin" cost 25 rubles or 5 cows. Only for the first edition of the poem the genius earned 12 thousand rubles. Pushkin was fond of traveling. In his letter to the closest friend of Nashchokin in February G.The poet loved roads and hiking, trips are long and short.

It could rarely be seen in the crew - he always walked around the city and more than once reached Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, despite the distance between settlements about 30 km. On such days, Alexander left the capital early in the morning, drank a glass of wine on the middle horned and appeared in Tsarskoye Selo for dinner. In life, Pushkin challenged the duel or received it about 30 times, of which four took place.

In most cases, after a response explanation, everything ended. He treated his own challenges less seriously, and as soon as the first fervor of the quarrel in it cool, eagerly went to the world ... with the exception of the last fight, the poet never spilled the blood of the enemy, although he was considered an excellent shooter and fell into a bullet from 20 steps into a bullet.

The plans of St. Petersburg in the year of the city’s authorities approved a plan from more than 80 events dedicated to the celebration of the flight from the birthday of the poet. As part of the preparation in the event, in particular, it was instructed to implement the project of the Pushkin House to digitize the manuscript fund and the creation of the scientific and educational resource “Pushkin Digital”.

Already now, about 10 thousand genuine manuscript documents of the poet have been transferred to the online format, scanned - a million pages. Minister Olga Lyubimova noted that one of the largest and most significant events will be the program for updating the exposition and restoration of Pushkin museums. The project will affect three federal and eight regional museums. In St.

Petersburg, in house 12 on the Moika embankment, where the poet died, it is planned to create a new information and cash desk, where cash desks, cafes and souvenir shops will be placed. In addition, the exposition at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum will be updated. Also in the village of Egchinsky district of the Leningrad region, where Pushkin was in, they plan to create a new permanent exposition in the Museum "House of the Station Wounder".

In the anniversary year, Pushkin museums will be included in the cultural and tourist routes of the project for children "Literary Country". The federal plan of the main measures for the preparation and conduct of the celebration of this anniversary also included such St. Petersburg events as the Pushkin Chronicle project in the State Academic Chapel, the play “Little Tragedies” in the Lensovet Theater, the musical performance “Pushkin's Tales” at the Musical Theater named after In the spring, on the same site, they will hold an exhibition based on Pushkin’s tales, and on April 12, on the theater’s birthday, in his lobby, “My Friends, our Union is beautiful in his lobby.

And in the spring there will be an exhibition based on Pushkin's tales. TSAZ named after Bryantseva prepares the premiere of Misteli, where excerpts from the letters and diaries of Alexander Sergeyevich will sound. The theater will also hold two expositions in the lobby, laboratories at the children's festival and a playwright competition dedicated to Pushkin. The Theater "St. Petersburg Opera" plans to show the performance "Evgeny Onegin" on June 6, and in December-the opera of the Rimsky-Korsakov "Golden Cockerel", written by the composer in the year according to Pushkin’s fairy tale.

The All -Russian Museum of A. Pushkin announces a photograph of photography, dedicated to the flight from the birth of the great poet. Applications are accepting until October 10. Events and other theaters and museums of the Northern capital are preparing.