Biography Bronislav Malinovsky

Born in Krakow, by origin of the Pole. In philosophically, Malinovsky was influenced by the holism of J. Eclectic theory of Malinovsky biologized public life. In the post -war years, he experienced a strong influence of Freudism, and in the last years of his life spent in the USA, behaviorism. Malinovsky examined ethnography from a utilitarian point of view and believed that its main task was to contribute to successful colonial management in new historical conditions.

Malinovsky called for the study of modernity, while denying the need and the possibility of studying the history of society. The functional theory considered society as the sum of individuals, and culture as a set of relationships, functions that serve to meet the needs of people. Malinovsky founded the differences between cultures on ways to satisfy these needs. Understanding the functions in the biological sense, and society and culture - as a combination of the integration of the functions of public institutions, customs, etc.

The task of the scientist was limited to the study of the role of functions in maintaining the balance of society. The functional teaching of Malinovsky found many followers who compiled a functional school. Malinovsky’s views had a great influence on the “psychological” direction in American sociology and ethnography and on many modern philosophical directions.

The main works of Malinovsky: “Freedom and civilization”, “Magic, science and religion”, “Scientific theory of culture” of Podopigor, A. Malinovsky Malinowski Bronislav Kasper 7. by origin of the Pole. On the basis of a large actual material collected in years during field ethnographic research on New Guinea and in Melanesia, he formulated the basic provisions of functionalism.

As a method of researching society and culture, functionalism, according to Malinovsky, is characterized by the desire to describe various forms of cultural life in their integrity and the relationship between Dep. Culture in the theory of Malinovsky appears as a complex organic set of interconnected institutions that serve to satisfy both primary physiological and mental, and secondary people generated by the culture of people.

The acquisition, consolidation and transfer of secondary needs, in the aggregate of constituent social experience, is a different purpose of culture. The material and spiritual apparatus of culture consists of institutions, each of which, being a fixed part of the social organization of ethnic groups, is a bearer of a certain function. The differences between cultures are derived from differences in ways to satisfy needs, but the very main needs of people, according to Malinovsky, are constant and independent of culture.

The main condition for the existence of culture, Malinovsky considered the balance between its institutions. Each society, according to Malinovsky, is self -sufficient and has its own “cultural imperative”. Changes and borrowings in cultures occur at the level of institutions and affect only the latter. Malinovsky was one of the first to develop the concept of the institute not only in social anthropology, but also in sociology, sought to identify the real, life function of social phenomena.

At the same time, the descriptive nature of its functional theory, the abandonment of the historical consideration of cultures, the denial of social progress, the exclusion of primitive crops from the world-historical process was led to anti-historicalism and cultural relativism of the concept of Malinovsky. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ilyichev, P. Fedoseev, S. Kovalev, V. Works: Myth in Primitive Psychology, L.

Malinovsky Malinowski Bronislav Kasper on April 7, New Haven, USA-Ethnographer and sociologist of Polish descent, one of the first to apply the functional analysis to research to research The life of the natives on the islands of the Pacific Ocean. He graduated from the University of Yagello in Krakow, in received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Physics and Mathematics section.

Interest in ethnography woke up under the influence of reading J. For a short time studied at the University of Leipzig with V. Wundt and K. in the graduate school of the London School of Economics, in which he began to teach with from the GG. C - Professor of Yale University of the United States. Malinovsky’s main scientific interest was concentrated on the study of culture as a universal phenomenon and the development of methodological procedures that allow us to carry out a systematic approach in the study of various cultures, their comparative analysis.

Along with A. Radcliffe Brown, Malinovsky is a vivid representative of early functionalism, who was theoretically based on E. School E. At the same time, Malinovsky considered the relationship between man and culture through the prism of Freudianism, the influence of Z. Freud was especially strongly on the interpretation of such problems as the relationship of the father and son in the culture of the Papuans, the sexual life of the natives and so widely enjoying Freudian terminology, Malinovsky, however, gave priority in the formation of man to cultural traditions.He regarded society, culture and individuals as a complex integrated integrity in which social and cultural institutions perform certain vital functions that consist in satisfying the needs of individuals.

Giving culture the priority importance in the interaction of the components of this integrity, analyzing its role in satisfying the needs of the individual, and therefore the whole society, Malinovsky considered the cultural institution kinship, religion, etc. Malinovsky divided into primary biological and secondary cultural, thereby indicating the biological nature of human behavior.

The cultural environment has, in his opinion, a transforming function. Cultural institutions combine a complex set of related cultural signs secure social ties. His research contains a functional analysis of such cultural and social institutions of a primitive society as custom, magic, religion, science, kinship, marriage and family, motherhood and paternity, lunar and seasonal calendar, sex and repression, local education and cultural contact, culture as a determinant of behavior, as well as social institutions such as war, labor, law, crime, race, etc.

Malinovsky. He argued that in each type of civilization any custom, material object, idea and belief perform a certain vital function, must solve a certain problem and therefore represent the necessary part within the cultural whole. His field research using the methodology innovative for that time, played a decisive role in the transformation of speculative ethnography of the 19th century.

Malinovsky contrasted his systemic and functional approach to evolutionist and diffusion theories of culture, as well as social atomism, which studies cultural objects outside their social and cultural context and taking into account their inclusion in a certain integrity. Social experience, proved Malinovsky, reproduces customs and public institutions, passes them from generation to generation through cultural needs.

Thus, changes in culture are fixed at the institutional level, are functionally necessary.

Considering the culture of such a system that cannot be interfered with, arbitrarily regulated it, Malinovsky proclaimed non -interference into the life of backward peoples due to the threat to violate the balance between the elements of the system and undermine the vital functions of the social and cultural organism. Being an empirist, Malinovsky denied the necessity and opportunity to study the history of society with scientific methods, since it cannot be observed.

Moreover, he seemed to exclude backward cultures from the process of world-historical development of mankind. Malinovsky did not hide that in the pragmatic aspect his theory is intended to bring the base to the existing colonial order. Indeed, his recommendations were used by the British administration, and the functionalist version of ethnography was taught in schools of colonial officials.

Malinovsky had a significant impact on ethnography cultural anthropology and cultural studies. The ideas of functional analysis, applied to the study of specific cultural and social objects, served as a source for the concepts developed by the school of structural and functional analysis T. Parsons, R. Merton, E. Shilz and others. Osipova is a new philosophical encyclopedia.

In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Next, read:.