Biography of the city of Yelets

Ascension Cathedral is a magnificent monument of the 19th century. In this house, where I. Bunin once lived, now a museum of his name. Building of the former female gymnasium; Now it houses the main building of the pedagogical institute. Old firefighting Kalancha Yelets. On its wall there is a memorial plaque: “The brothers Valuysky Nikolai and Dmitry - the first firefighter and rescuers G.

Monument to the defenders of Yelets, erected in honor of the flight of the city. The Church of the Introduction or the Vvedensky Church is first mentioned in the“ Yeletsky Phenomenon Book of the GG. It is possible that it was built in the XVI century - at the same time, when they erected an Yelets fortress. In this form, she stood already in the year. Yelets lace. Yelets Royal accordion.

The house of the merchant Zausaylov. After the restoration, a museum of crafts and folk crafts will be located in it. Monument to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. A native of Yelets, composer Tikhon Nikolayevich Khrennikov, a bust was placed in the city. Former gymnasium. View of Yelets from the side of the fast pine. The writer’s office in the I. Museum of the Grand Ducal Church is an example of a provincial modernity.

Yelets lace, like the famous Vologda, weave lace on pertussis. But Yelets have their own style, their own pattern, their thin, openwork background. The fast pine river divides it into two parts - a left -bank, older, and right -bank, less old. The city arose as a fortress for protecting the borders of the Old Russian state from raids of nomadic nomads, who lived in the neighborhood in the "wild field".

For the first time, the Nikon Chronicle mentions the Yelets in the year, speaking of a visit by Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, who was forced to escape from his political opponents. The named year is considered the date of the founding of the city, this became the reason for the celebration in the year of his flight. In fact, Yelets is undoubtedly ancient - for at least 50 years, or even more, because already in the 12th century there was a developed agricultural district around, which always developed near the fortified cities, and a considerable time was required to form it.

Until now, historians have not come to a consensus about which part of the current city corresponds to the chronicle Yelets. There is a version that it was located on the site of the Lavsky settlement located on the southern outskirts of Yelets. In the XII century, the settlement represented a significant village with a quitel-child. Others associate the old settlement with the ancient Yelets, the traces of which were preserved in the northern part of the city, on Stone Gora.

However, it is possible that the chronicle Yelets was located on the site of the current Old City, and the Lava settlement was part of its agricultural district. The answer to this question can be given by archaeological excavations that the Yelets State Pedagogical Institute in the city and its environs conducts every summer every summer. The story of the Yelets is heroic and tragic at the same time.

Many times he was completely destroyed by enemies. According to I. Bunin, who was connected with the Yelets, the city "belonged to those most important strongholds of Rus' that, according to the chroniclers, the first inhaled the storm, dust and clergy from under the formidable Asian clouds, now and then and now, the former saw the glow of terrible night and day conflagrations, and first gave the first to know about the upcoming trouble and first laid down the first bones for her.

" Polovtsy was especially annoyed by the city in the XII century. Near the city were the Shlyachi - Muravsky, Izumsky, Kalmiu, along which the nomads were headed to Russian lands. For the same gentry, the Russian princes went on reciprocal campaigns to the Polovtsy. A new trouble arrived in the year. Heading in the early spring to the steppe for relaxation and replenishment, the Tatar-Mongol Horde destroyed Yelets.

Since that time, the main thunderstorm of the Yelets has become Tatars. More than once they completely destroyed the city, killed and captured the townspeople. But each time he was restored again and settled. In the year, chasing the steppe behind the detachments of his former ally of the Khan Tokhtamysh, the formidable ruler of Central Asia Timur invaded the borders of the Yelets land.

Together with the Elcans, the city was protected by one of the commanders of Tokhtamysh, Bek Yaryk-Oglan. Despite the heroic resistance of the defenders, Yelets was stormed and destroyed, and its inhabitants were interrupted. In the middle of the XIX century, during the construction of the Ascension Cathedral, the builders stumbled upon the mass burials of the victims of these events, for a long time preserved in the memory of people.

In the year, the Crimean Khan Giray threatened to do with Pronski, he was almost 70 kilometers south of Ryazan the same thing that Timur had done in due time with Yelets. Years passed, the Russian state grows stronger. Its borders were pushed further to the south, but Yelets performed the functions of the fortress for a long time: at the end of the 16th century, nine “watchmen” were located on the banks of the fast pine, which were supposed to notify Moscow about the approach of the Tatars.

The chaotic development of the city is gradually replacing a planned one. In the year, the Vladimir master Ilya Katerinin was sent here for the layout of the fortress and prison. The old drawings have not been preserved, but it is known that the fortress had nine defensive towers. The population of the city was then three thousand people.The oldest preserved plan of the Yelets dates from the year it is drawn up by decree of Peter the Great Mikhail Zolotilov.

Judging by the plan, the development of the city was regular, it was protected by twelve towers. Inside the city were the sovereign yard, prison, three churches and other buildings.

He was inhabited by mainly service people and artisans. Sloboda gradually formed around the city: Black, Lamb, Argamachya, Streletskaya, Pushkarskaya, Aleksandrovskaya and others. Now they merged with the city, but their names are preserved. The settlements were populated by artisans, archers, cabmen - hence the names of many. Yelets, like other old Russian cities, suffered from fires.

The Yelets architect and local historian A. Novoseltsev found that fires and years destroyed most of his wooden buildings. It was this circumstance that caused the cardinal redevelopment of the city. The state commission created in the year on the stone structure set the task of perestroika of all Russian cities. In the year, this commission also developed a regular plan of Yelets, signed by its famous architect Alexei Kvasov.

The development of city quarters was supposed to be carried out strictly according to plan, while preference was given to stone buildings. Some of them have survived to this day. It is they, along with the wooden houses of bourgeois, later create the unique appearance of the Yelets today. Yelets merchants distinguished great activity and businessiness. Their activities were extended not only to the city and county, but also to the markets of Voronezh, Belgorod, and Kursk.

The Yelets merged merchants with honey, bread, salt, iron, steel, and metals. Particularly demand among customers was the boilers made by Yelets - brave, beer and for cooking salt. In the 19th century, bread trade is of great importance for the city’s economy. Yelets merchants brought winter wheat from the Saratov, Tambov, Kursk, Kharkov provinces. At the mills arranged on the rivers, the grain was grinded into flour, which was famous for its quality, it was sold to large cities of Russia.

In the year, the first elevator in thousands of grain pounds in Russia was built in Yelets, which contributed to the prosperity of bread trade. The elevator was built so soundly that it is now working properly. At this time, he takes on a wide scope and the trading of cattle, embedded in the senior citizens in Yelets from the southern provinces of Russia. In the year, there were 2.7 thousand merchants with families for 28.5 thousand people's population.

Merchant dynasties appear - Zausaylov, Chernikikov, Rostovtsy, Valuysky. In the end of the 10th - early 10ths of our century, the Yelets merchants were defeated. Many were then sent from the Yelets, at home they were turned into communal services. However, the Yelchan still remembers the most famous merchant surnames. The decoration of the Yelets are temples. Before the revolution, there were 31 church in the city, there were 15 chapels, two monasteries - male and female.

Most of the churches, monasteries and almost all the chapels were destroyed. The magnificent monument of the 19th century is the Ascension Cathedral, built according to the project of the court architect K. Tone, the creator of the Russian-Byzantine style. According to Yelchan, the cathedral is close in size to St. Petersburg Isaac. Despite the enormous size of the cathedral building is unusual, there is a review point where it seems to be soaring in the air above a fast pine tree.

The impressive volume of the temple is felt fully only when you get inside it. The icons for the iconostasis were written by the then -famous painters A. Korzukhin and K. The interior of the temple is richly decorated with painting, stucco molding, wood carving. All this artistic decoration creates a sense of solemnity and festivity among visitors to the cathedral.