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Born in the family of a mining engineer. He studied at the school of law in St. Petersburg, in the Ministry of Justice. He entered the music classes of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Musical Society with - the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The theoretical objects and A. Rubinstein was engaged in N. Zarema. He graduated from the conservatory with honors.

In the professor of the Moscow Conservatory in classes of free essay, harmony and instrumentation among students-S. for pedagogical purposes translated several musical and theoretical works, wrote the textbook “Guide to the practical study of harmony” for the first time in print as a musical critic. He worked as a musical reviewer of the Moscow newspapers “Modern Chronicle” and “Russian Vedomosti”, fighting for the approval of realistic principles in Russian music.

Artistic and social interests brought Tchaikovsky closer to N. Rubinstein, critics by N. Kashkin, G. Larosh, as well as with L. Tolstoy, A. Ostrovsky, artists of the Maly Theater, including with P. Sadovsky, and other ties of Tchaikovsky with progressive ideological and artistic movements of the 10th height. Already in the Moscow period, the heyday of Tchaikovsky’s work is coming, in these years: 3 symphonies “Winter Grems”,; , 2nd ed.

Ostrovsky “Snow Maiden”, piano plays in Tchaikovsky also transferred to the piano to 4 hands of 50 Russian folk songs from the collections of K. Wilboa and M. Balakirev, edited a collection of Russian songs collected by V. in the fall, Tchaikovsky went abroad, where he continued to work on the 4th Symphony and the Opera Evgeny Onegin, the post. Thanks to material support, N. to lived abroad, Switzerland, Italy, France, then in his homeland most often with his sister A.

Davydova on the Kamenka estate in Ukraine. The works of this period are the opera "Orleans Virgin", "Mazepa", the cantata "Moscow"; “Solemn overture year”, “Italian Capricchio” and 3 suits,, for an orchestra, a concert for a violin with an orchestra, the piano trio “Memory of the great artist”, for the death of N. Rubinstein, the 2nd concert for the piano with the orchestra, “Big Sonata” for the piano, etc.

with Tchaikovsky settled in the suburbs of Clain. From the middle of the x. Often in Moscow and St. Petersburg, he participated in musical life, especially in the events of the Russian Musical Society, he was elected director of the Moscow branch of the company, and the Moscow Conservatory. The premiere of the opera "Cherevichka" at the Bolshoi Theater laid the foundation for his conducting performances.

In him, he conducted his mainly symphonic works, as well as operas in Russia and abroad. His work was highly appreciated; France was elected to him a corresponding member of the Academy of Fine Arts, he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Music of Cambridge University. In Tchaikovsky, he created a number of outstanding works, alternating the tragedy canvases of the Opera Sorchastyka,; "Queen of Spades"; Program symphony "Manfred",; 5th symphony,; 6th “pathetic” symphony, with scores in which the light and joy of the ballet “Sleeping Beauty” triumph,; "Nutcracker",; Opera "Iolanta",; The Mozartiana Orchestra suite, one of the peaks of artistic realism, Tchaikovsky’s music belongs to the highest achievements of domestic culture along with the work of A.

Pushkin, L. Tolstoy and A., together with the largest representatives of the “mighty pile”, Tchaikovsky enters the galaxy of Russian musical classics - the successors of the Glinka traditions. Tchaikovsky made the theme of the acute -conflict struggle of a person for the right to happiness central in his work, rising to truly tragic heights. A sensitive lyric psychologist, he deeply revealed the inner world of man.

He was fascinated by the masterpieces of Dante and W. Shakespeare, Pushkin and J. Byron, N. Gogol and A. Ostrovsky, the events and flavor of various historical eras, paintings of folk life, the outline of diverse characters, images of nature, fabulous romance, and the transfer of children's worldview. At the same time, the focus of Tchaikovsky was always close to him, expressed with obedient truthfulness.

Tchaikovsky operated on the richest arsenal of artistic means accumulated by world musical classics. But the main sources of its melodically generous musical speech, brightly democratic and at the same time innovative in the strength of lyric-dramatic expression, and the Russian folk song of the mainly city warehouse and the Russian household romance were the Russian folk song. Tchaikovsky embodied the moods, characters, philosophical thoughts in their dialectically complicated, often contradictory continuous formation and development with wide figurative generalizations and a high life-affirming pathos.

Tchaikovsky is one of the greatest symphonist composers, a worthy successor to L. Symphonic thinking of Tchaikovsky clearly manifested itself in various works of his vast multifaceted heritage, which is characterized by mutual enrichment of vocal and instrumental genres in particular, opera and symphony.Among the 10 operas of Tchaikovsky, the lyric scenes written on Pushkin’s plots “Eugene Onegin”, a new type of opera, where the composer embodied his ideal “intimate but strong drama”, and “peak lady”-unsurpassed in psychological depths of vocal and symphonic tragedy are distinguished.

The significance of the content and at the same time the intelligence of the expression is distinguished by the orchestral software and non -gram works of Tchaikovsky; Its late symphony I am genuine "instrumental dramas." Concert-instrumental especially 1st concert for the piano with the orchestra, as well as the chamber works of Tchaikovsky, are popular, among which numerous romances are distinguished.

The great humanistic art of Tchaikovsky, who had a fruitful effect on many composers of the end of the centuries. Tchaikovsky’s music is enjoying worldwide fame. The Moscow and Kiev Conservatory, the Perm Opera and Ballet Theater, a concert hall in Moscow were named after Tchaikovsky. C In Moscow, an international competition is held. Big Soviet Encyclopedia.