Radishchev is a complete biography

Radishchev Alexander Nikolaevich Russian thinker, writer. Born on August 20 in Moscow in a rich noble family. From the age of seven, the boy lived in Moscow, in the family of a relative of Argamakov, with whose children he studied at home with professors of a newly open university. In gg. A large role in the formation of the worldview of Radishchev was played by his acquaintance with the works of French enlighteners - Voltaire, D.

Didro, J. Rousseau, whose reading, "learned to think." In years, Radishchev supported the violently unfolding activities of Russian enlighteners: Novikova, Fonvizin, Krechetov. He followed the events of the war for independence in North America, during which a new republic was formed - the United States of America. During these years, Radishchev was actively engaged in literary work.

He wrote “The Word of Lomonosov”, “A letter to a friend in the city here published an article by Radishchev“ Conversation about what is the son of the Fatherland. ” From the middle of the x. After the famous words of Catherine II “He is a rebel, worse than Pugachev” The book was confiscated, Radishchev was arrested and enclosed in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Catherine II replaced the death penalty for 10 years in the Siberian Ostrog Ilimsk.

In Nizhny Novgorod, A. Radishchev visited twice: in the fall of the year, when, after six trials, he was taken to a ten -year imprisonment in Imsk, and in the summer of the year, when the writer was returned to Paul I, completely not forgiven, to the fatherly village of Nemtsovo Kaluga province. What did the convicted writer manage to see in the days of his first stay in Nizhny Novgorod?

Apparently, very little. In those days, the Moscow pillar road along which Radishchev was carried from Vladimir ended in Nizhny Novgorod near the building of the provincial postal office, located opposite the Dmitrievsky Tower of the Kremlin. This squat stone building was located between the current Barbarian and Alekseevskaya streets. Here, most likely, was the first stop of Radishchev in our city.

Being a second time Nizhny, Alexander Nikolaevich with older children attended church services, and on June 29 on Petrov day, he visited the Transfiguration Cathedral at the tomb of Minin. The commemorative day of June 30 in Nizhny Novgorod ended for A. Radishchev an unexpected event: Governor A. Lvov and M., having spent several days in Nizhny Novgorod, arrived at him with a farewell visit, Radishchev went to Moscow, and in July after a six -month trip the writer arrived in his village in Non.

While in exile, Radishchev studied on behalf of Count A. Vorontsov Siberian crafts, the economy of the region, and the life of peasants. In letters to him, he shared his thoughts about the organization of an expedition along the Northern Sea Route. In Imsk, he wrote a “letter of Chinese bargaining”, the philosophical work “About a man, about his mortality and immortality”, “The abbreviated narrative of the acquisition of Siberia”, “Description of the Tobolsk governorship”, etc.

In Paul I allowed Radishchev to settle in his homeland in Nemtsov under the strict police supervision. He received complete freedom in March under Alexander I. involved in the commission to draw up a set of laws, he was engaged in the development of draft legislative reforms. Radishchev’s legislative works included the requirement of the destruction of serfdom and estate privileges, the arbitrariness of the authorities.

The chairman of the commission Count P. Zavadovsky threatened Radishchev with a new link to Siberia.

Brought to despair, Radishchev September 12, Sources: Belkin D. Russian writers on Nizhny Novgorod land. Novgorod, travelers: Sat. Shamshurin V. Nizhny Novgorod pages. Additional materials.