The biography is briefly Schopenhauer

Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer, - gg. Born in Danzig now Gdansk; Poland. He studied commerce, medicine and then philosophy. The father of the future philosopher hated Prussia and admired the free and reasonable, in his opinion, England and after the fall of the independence of his hometown moved to Hamburg. C to gg. Arthur lived with his father in Hamburg, then spent two years in Paris, where he almost forgot the German language, to the joy of his father.

However, he strove for literary and scientific activity and in the city two years later he moved to Berlin, where he was engaged in scientific activities and listened to lectures by the famous philosopher Fichte. Schopenhauer took the post of Privat-Tocent at the University of Berlin and worked with Hegel. He was very arrogant and deliberately appointed his lectures at the same hours as Hegel.

The result was not forced to wait long: his lectures were not successful in comparison with Hegel's lectures, the audience was usually empty, Schopenhauer threw teaching and healed the measured life in Frankfurt, where he wrote his main work “The World as a will and represent” in two books. The philosopher’s world is interpreted on the one hand as a “idea”, which consists of the “ideas” of the subject and object, and on the other, as the Kantian “thing in itself” or blind, not based on “will to life”.

This will breaks up into many particles, according to the author - “objectification”, and each objectification strives for domination. A person, according to Schopenhauer, is the highest stage in the hierarchy of “objectification” because he is endowed with reasonable knowledge. Based on the philosophy of Schopenhauer, we can conclude that each person is aware of himself as a knowing individual, which means that he has the whole will to life, and all other people appear before him as something without will from his will.

From here, according to the author, a person’s egoism occurs. The state, according to the philosopher, is only a stabilizer of the private will of people, the selfish motives of people are overcome in the field of art and morality. Following Leibniz’s ideas that there are many worlds and our world, one of them, Schopenhauer, nevertheless, considered our world to be “the worst of the worlds”.

The philosopher believed that happiness is illusory, since, even having achieved what he wanted, a person experiences only satiety and boredom. The world is not created for the happiness of man, and optimism is a mockery of the suffering of people.

Thus, the teachings of Schopenhauer were, in fact, deeply pessimistic. The philosopher in Frankfurt-on-Maine died in the city of his concept, which was not popular during his lifetime, became widespread from the second half of the XIX century.