Catherine her biography

The biography of Catherine II of the Great Children's Years, who was fragmented into hundreds of individual principalities, Prussia was in the eighteenth century a real fair of brides. It is no wonder that the Russian court also went to look for the future bride for the future of the Russian sovereign in Prussia. The great Russian empress was born on April 21 in Germany, in a small provincial town of Stettin.

It was a very noble, but not very rich family, which, however, related to the kings themselves. As soon as the girl was only three years old, even then negotiations began on the matchmaking of Sofia Frederica, the first name of the empress with the future Russian monarch Peter III. Sofia Frederick received an excellent education at that time, she knew several languages ​​- German, English and French, but not Russian.

To Russia! The monogram of Catherine II of the Great doesn’t mean to get married, and no one remembered the matchmaking and the promise that Johann and Christian Augustus gave, and would not have remembered if the Russian Empress Elizabeth had not been worried about the bride’s choice for Peter III, whom she thus wanted to distract from his children's games, making him a real man.

Several candidates were proposed on the council, but the choice stopped at Sofia Frederick. For a year, the future empress at the age of fifteen was invited to Russia with her mother so that there she was combined with a marriage with Peter Fedorovich, who for a minute was her though second cousin, but his brother was still engaged in the study of the Russian language, became interested in the history, traditions and religion of Russia.

And upon arrival, she continued to classes with Russian teachers Adadurov, Todorsky, Langa. Later, Sofia Frederick accepted Orthodox baptism and, at the insistence of Empress Elizabeth, took the name Ekaterina Alekseevna. The name that glorified it for centuries. Of course, the fact that the German was at the court of the Russian empress could not help but use the Prussian king Frederick II in her interests.

He hoped through her and, above all, her mother to spy on Russia, as well as influence foreign policy and, if possible, shift from the post of obstinate Chancellor Bestuzhev. But they learned about espionage and expelled Johann from Russia. And Catherine's attitude towards her current position was diametrically opposite to those tasks that were set in the West.

She said "Sofia Frederick died, now there is only Ekaterina Alekseevna." And on September 1, Catherine was finally married to Peter Fedorovich. So the daughter of a small German prince suddenly became the wife of the Russian heir to the throne. In marriage with Peter with her legal husband Peter Catherine lived almost the worst years of her life. She repeatedly turned to Elizabeth to ask her to go home.

Pyotr Fedorovich was hostile to her, and Catherine was even afraid of her life. But Elizabeth did not let the girl go, hoping that she gives birth to children, and most importantly - a suitable heir. After Pavel was born the future Russian emperor, the relations of the spouses did not improve. And after the birth of Anna, Princess Anna only worsened. When Peter after the death of Elizabeth came to power, he first wanted to divorce and marry his favorite - ugly, lame Vorontsova.

This step of his was one of many mistakes that led to the coup of the year, as a result of which he was removed from power, and the great was removed to the throne of the village of Catherine II. This is interesting Ekaterina season 4, channel Russia 1 decided to extend the series The creators of the television series took up the continuation of the biography of Catherine!

It turns out that from the last events - and this is a year - to the death of Catherine for even more than 20 years. How will the scriptwriters, directors and producers show us the last years of the great? In more detail the years of the reign of the empress in the summer of the year as a result of the coup, with the support of the army, Ekaterina Alekseevna forced Emperor Peter III to renounce the throne.

Already in the fall of October 3 of the same year, she was crowned as the empress and took the name Catherine II. Catherine’s reign lasted 37 years long - for which she was able to significantly expand the boundaries of the Russian Empire, laid the foundations of influence in the Black Sea, Azov, Caucasian regions and began the development of Alaska. Part of its plans, for example, the “Greek project”, were not implemented, and some historians and descendants of the Empress openly criticized the participation in the sections of the Commonwealth, claiming that this contradicts the ideas of enlightenment and humanism.

Catherine died in the year 67. She was found in the toilet with foam at the mouth and a dislocated leg. No matter how the doctors tried, they could no longer help her. The empress was getting worse, and then terrible agony began at all, which lasted 12 hours. At this time, Paul I, who was called earlier, was already at her bed. The son was delighted with the death of his mother and made several tricks when she was buried.

He excavated his father, whom Catherine hated, put on a crown on his head and buried both of them together in the Peter and Paul Fortress.Miodushevsky 5 facts that glorified Catherine II Catherine defeated the Osopa Epidemic. In Russia, as in all of Europe, smallpox was a deadly disease. In the year, summer Peter II died of smallpox. And Peter III barely survived the disease.

Countess Sheremeteva did not survive the smallpox in the year, but her groom was a teacher Paul! Thus, the infection was already walking around the palace. Then Catherine wrote a doctor from England, and he had a vaccine in front of everyone, which at that time could easily cost her life. But the empress survived and became an example for all courtiers, and then for all of Russia.

In the year, Catherine carried out church reform. This reform noticeably weakened the church, its influence, and also increased profit from taxes. Two million peasants who plowed to monasteries and almost 10 million hectares of church lands became the property of the state. The long -awaited monetary reform was carried out in the year. For the first time in St.

Petersburg and Moscow, banks are created and paper money is printed, which replaced heavy copper. In the years, police reform and the city launch. The impetus was Pugachev's uprising. The vertical of power intensifies, especially in cities. The police are endowed with their functions, the councils are created, cities are divided into quarters, behind which police officers are assigned.

City thoughts appear in the cities. In the year, the so -called school reform was carried out. Education is popular than ever. Schools and small schools are being created, new universities are opening. This is interesting five interesting facts about the rule of Catherine II internal politics, the new cities and the “company of the Amazons” - what was still unusual during the reign of Catherine II Alekseevna the personal life of Catherine II the great portrait of Catherine II of the unknown artist, the personal life of Catherine was never even, she never had a quiet family harbor and simple female happiness.

Youth did not bring her anything, only the boring uniformity of her native Stetten. The long -awaited marriage with Peter from such a distant, great Russia was a continuous disappointment, often pain, and sometimes a threat of death. Being married, she lost not only male attention, but also the joys of motherhood - after all, Queen Elizabeth immediately took children under her care.

Catherine tried to compensate for the lack of love from loved ones by random ties with favorites - first with Sergey Saltykov, then with Grigory Orlov. Later, these ties with the favorites became a habit and even became obsessed. The last of them, Plato tooths. Men during the reign of Catherine Favorism - the elevation of someone by personal affection - has blossomed violently, as never before.

It is known that gifts 11 to the main favorites of Catherine and the costs of their maintenance amounted to almost millions of rubles! Perhaps this was facilitated by Elizabeth, who did not resist Catherine's lovers had the lovers during her cohabitation with Peter Fedorovich. Elizabeth herself had the favorites with whom she wanted to get married, but could not because the church opposed this.

For many years without a husband, under the supervision of Elizabeth, they accustomed Catherine to the fact that she used the services and transient caresses of various lovers. Once, Peter III himself made a remark, inviting the guardsman from the lower ranks at the table and commenting on this: "You love the guards." Of course, the hint was to Grigory Orlov, but Catherine, then not the Empress, accepted it calmly.

Here is a list of only official favorites, persons close to the court and body: Emperor Peter III, the first legitimate spouse - Sergey Saltykov -, Paul I, Paul Augustus, Ponatovsky, the Polish Ambassador at first, later, after the relationship, the last king of the Polish and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Grigory Orlov,, the most famous favorite. A couple on April 22 was born a son Alexei Bobrinsky Alexander Vasilchikov -, an official favorite, younger than Catherine for 17 years, Grigory Potemkin - another official favorite.

The daughter of Elizabeth was born, possibly - from Catherine Peter Zavadovsky -, the first favorite after Potemkin, favorite Semyon Zorich -, adjutant Potemkin Ivan Rimsky -Korsakov -, another official favorite, cheated by Catherine someone Stakhiev - someone Stayanov, the betting of Vasily Levashov - Alexander Vasily Levashov - Alexander Lanskaya -, younger than the Empress for 26 years, Nikolai Mordvinov -, relative of Lermontov Alexander Ermolov -, Adjutant Potemkin Alexander Dmitriev -Mamonov -, relative of Potemkina and his adjutant Mikhail Miloradovich - Mikhail Mikravsky - Plot of Zubov -, became the favorite of the chief teacher of grandchildren of Catherine and those who were already the same, those who were so, who came in so, “For a minute”, history does not remember, and hardly when he remembers.

Eyewitnesses say that they were, but the memory of them has long erased. He was born in the year. Empress Elizabeth immediately took him to his education. Mother almost did not see her son, and his father did not want, thinking, which was not from him, but from his lover Ekaterina Saltykov. However, the similarity of Peter and Paul leaves no doubt - Pavel the son of Peter.

After the death of his mother, he became an emperor, although Catherine wanted her grandson to ascend the throne. Anna, the future princess was born in December. As a child, she repeated the fate of Pavel Petrovich - Empress Elizabeth immediately took the child to educate. Rumors went that the real father was Stanislav Ponatovsky, the Polish ambassador, and later the king.

Anna lived a short life - a little more than a year and died after an illness.

Alexey Bobrinsky is a child of Catherine and Grigory Orlov. He was not sent from the palace, he moved quite freely, received his education and talked with Paul. At first, the child was weak and inhibited, but after he was taken the best educators and sent to serve at the Military Academy, straightened and even graduated from his studies with a gold medal. Elizaveta Temkina is the daughter of Catherine and Grigory Potemkin.

Temkina means - the illegitimate daughter of Potemkin. In children born out of marriage, they shortened the surname. For example, Bastard Trubetskoy is a famous official at the court of Catherine Betskoy. Historians still doubt that Elizabeth was the daughter of Catherine.