Shamils biography briefly

Imam of Chechnya and Dagestan the son of Avar Uzden. Born in the village of Himras.

Since childhood, he was distinguished by a living character and curiosity. His first teacher was Kazi-Mullah. Shamil was later sent to Untsukul, where the scientist Jemal-Eddin became his mentor. At that time, Kazi-Mulla began to preach the sacred war and spread muridism. Shamil was also carried away by this teaching and became his hot follower. In the city, when he fell under the killer’s dagger, Shamil was proclaimed the imam.

His first order was to throw Bulach Khan from the bridge, one of the last descendants of the Avar house. Living in Ashilt and preaching Sharia, Shamil significantly increased the number of murids and his adherents. Anticipating a serious struggle with the Russians in the near future, Shamil ordered to build Akhulgo fortress on a hard -to -reach rock. At the same time, taking advantage of the distraction of a significant mass of Russian troops to South Dagestan, Shamil continued to spread Sharia to the villages, submissive to Russia.

In June, he fled to the Chateaevsky society of Chechens, who proclaimed him as his ruler. Taking advantage of the inaction of the Russian command, Shamil in continuation - gg. Taking advantage of the small number of their garrisons, Shamil was able to master the most part of Dagestan. His troops even reached Shura - the main point of the left flank of the Russian troops in the Caucasus.

Vorontsov invaded Chechnya and, after a stubborn battle, captured Shamil’s bet - the village of Dargo. But due to the lack of food, Count Vorontsov was supposed to send a significant part of his detachment to protect transport with food, and Shamil brought all his forces to these troops. After the defeat of the Russian detachment and the capture of the convoy with food, only a small part of the Russian detachment was able to return to Dargo.

This forced Count Vorontsov to retreat under the onslaught of superior forces, and the persecution of the highlanders resumed only after the arrival of new reinforcements to the Russians. Shamil’s attempt to raise the population of Kabarda against the Russians was unsuccessful, and he was forced to return to Chechnya, and then moved to Dagestan, where Kutishi was defeated by Prince V.

During - gg. One of Shamil’s last successful enterprises was his invasion of Georgia, where, as a result of his attack on the estate of the princes of Chavchavadze-Zinandali, Princess Orbeliani and Chavchavadze were captured. They were taken to the main place of Shamil Vedeno and returned for a ransom of forty thousand rubles and the son of Shamil Jemal Eddin, who was captured in the same year, Shamil's enormous forces suffered a severe defeat under the aul to Obis.

At the end of G. Shamil suffered a new defeat at the Meskin-Dula, the next year the village of Vedeno was taken, where the Shamil Stavka was located, and now he had to go to a wandering life. In July, the majority of the auls, previously subordinate to Shamil, recognized the power of the Russians. Imam was sent to St. Petersburg, but along the way was represented by Emperor Alexander.

Kaluga was appointed to the location for Shamil, where at first the former imam was under the supervision of local authorities, and after he swore allegiance to Russia, he was completely left unattended. Shamil, whose family could not bear the Kaluga climate, was transferred to a residence in Kyiv, and then released in a pilgrimage to Mecca. A year later, he died in Medina. The causes of Shamil’s military successes were his huge mind, military inclinations, the energetic character and the ability to use favorable circumstances.

Thanks to his character, he could unite a motley rabble into a single disciplined army acting according to his will. Having at the head of the united mountain tribes, he for a long time detained their conquest by Russian troops. In order to have a significant number of adherents, Shamil established the Murtazekov Society Society-people who were supposed to be at his first request.

Murtazeki did not receive salaries, but lived at the expense of the local population, which was even obliged to process the fields for them. Shamil chose his hires from the murids, distinguished by a special courage and devotion to the imam. As a person who was distinguished by his mind and natural talents, Shamil saw his abilities in other people and tried to attract them to his side.

But Shamil’s suspicion greatly harmed his business, and at the end of his activities in the Caucasus Shamil, almost all his associates left.