Thompson biography physics

For scientific merits, he was awarded the medals of Franklin, Faradey, Yuza, Kopli and other awards. In the year he was granted the nobility, he was a member of the academies of sciences of many countries. Joseph John Thomson English. At the age of 14, he was determined at the Owen-College of the University of Manchester, and then he continued his education at the Trinity College of Cambridge University.

It was then that Thomson became interested in physics and mathematics, and the courses of experimental physics at college played an important role in his career. In the year, he graduated, having received a bachelor's degree in mathematics, and the next year he was elected a member of the Scientific Council of Trinity College and began working in the Cavesite Laboratory in Cambridge.

The first article by Thomson, published in the year, was dedicated to the electromagnetic theory of light. Next year, two more work appeared. Joseph's scientific successes were highly appreciated by the head of the laboratory of Cavendish Raley. Departing from the post of director, he recommended his successor to Thomson, who since that time became the head of the Cavendish laboratory and at the same time was a professor at the University of Cambridge and the Royal Institute in London.

The greatest fame of Thomson was brought by his research related to the opening of an electron per year.

Having studied the passage of electric current through sparse gases, he not only opened the electron, but also determined its charge, and also first measured the ratio of the electron charge to the mass, developed the theory of electron movement in the magnetic and electric fields. For the opening of an electron, Thomson was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize.

Consistent with his discoveries, the scientist proposed a new atom model. Although the experiments subsequently conducted by the successor of Thomson, E. Rutherford, forced to abandon this model, she played an important role in the formation of ideas about the structure of matter. Thomson is one of the founders of the classical electronic theory of metals. He received an expression for the effective section of the dispersion of electromagnetic waves with free electrons of the Thomson formula.

This formula still plays a prominent role in the physics of elementary particles. The role of the scientist in the opening of the photo effect and thermoelectronic emission is important, and his studies of “channel” rays form the basis of mass spectrometry. Thomson gave an explanation of the continuous spectrum of X -ray radiation, established the nature of positive ions, developed the so -called parabola method to measure the particle charge to its mass, which played a large role in the study of isotopes.

In the year, Joseph resigned in Cavendish, transferring the laboratory to his student E. Rutherford, and headed the Trinity College in Cambridge. Of great importance was not only the scientific, but also the organizational activity of Thomson. The Cavendish Laboratory, during the time when he headed it, turned into a leading research center and became a scientific school for many experimental physicists.

There, under his leadership, the largest scientists worked - E. Rutherford, C. Wilson, F. Aston, W. Richardson, C. Barcla, P. Lanzhenen, D. Taylor, E. Appleton and others. Thomson was married to Rosa Page, they had a son and daughter. Thomson's son George Page also eventually became the Nobel laureate in physics in the year for the experimental discovery of electron diffraction on crystals.

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