Biography Jean Paul Marata

The name Marat is mentioned in the works of Gumilyov. So, in the book “The Millennium around the Caspian” the historian writes: “Well, years have passed, and we see that Marat is comparable to Kabosh, Danton - with Etienne Marseille, and Dumorye with Count Armanac. The real story of the French ethnic group began on the bloody day of the battle of the fountain, then when reading the Strasbourg oath and took shape at the election of Hugo Capet.

This is evident only at the distance and coverage by one gaze of the entire millennial process of the ethnic history of France ”“ Millennium around the Caspian ”, quoted by ed. Sadykov, comp. Shanbai, - M. by profession a doctor and journalist. Before the revolution, he wrote several books and brochures on public and natural-scientific issues. Since September 12, in this newspaper, Marat spoke sharply criticism of the Constituent Assembly and Paris, for which he was repeatedly persecuted.

He was attracted several times to the trial, the newspaper was closed, the printing house in which it was printed was smashed.

But Marat stubbornly continued his job. For almost two years, he had to lead a conspiratorial lifestyle, twice temporarily emigrate to England. After the revolution on August 10, Marat stood at the head of the struggle of the Jacobins with the Girondins and enjoyed great influence on the affairs of the commune of the Paris municipality, everywhere defending the interests of the poor.

He was elected as a deputy of the Convention from Paris. The activity of Marat, as a member of the Supervisory Board of the Commune, the head of the Montagnars in the Convention and the publisher of the "Friend of the People", brought on him fierce attacks of the property classes. Under the pressure of the Parisian poor, the revolutionary tribunal on April 24 met him, and Marat with a triumph was brought back to the convention.

Together with Robespierre, he led the preparation of the uprising on May 31 - June 2, he was killed by Charlotte Corde on July 13, at 16, he settled in France. Got honey. The influence of the ideas of Franz. He moved to England, was engaged in medical practice, and which brought him great fame. In the Edinburgh University, M. awarded M. in his works “Slavery Chains”, “Plan of Criminal Legislation” put forward the idea of ​​armed.

With the beginning of the great French. In him he wrote a project “Declaration of Human Rights and Citizen”, began to publish gas. In their articles and letters M. I saw my task in politic. In the club of cordeliers entered the club, in which the prevailing influence was the democrats of the left direction. He angrily exposed the enemies of the revolution, demanded the application of the revolution to them.

When counter -revolutionaries wanted to draw France into the war in order to bayonet Prussia, and English, interventionists to strangle the revolution, M. with the outbreak of war of Europe. Pursuit of the authorities, persecution from the part of the politic. In Jan. After the fall of the monarchy M., he became one of the leaders of the Jacobins and resolutely opposed the ashes.

In Saint. In April. Together with the Robespierre and other Jacobin leaders M., the disease prevented M. was killed by the Girondhist S. The funeral of M. used the materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia in 8 volumes, Volume 5. Marata caricature. Scientist and publicist Marat Marat, Jean Paul was born in the city of Budri near the Neject of Switzerland in a poor family of a teacher of foreign languages.

Rousseau and Sh. In the year he moved to the UK, worked there in the same fields of science, especially engaged in medicine. Marat combined theoretical and experimental medicine classes with the practice of a doctor who brought him fame. In the year, the first book of Marat “On one eye disease” was published, after which several works of Marat on medicine and physics have been published for a number of years.

In the year, Edinburgh University awarded Marat to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In the same years, Marat worked on a large natural-philosophical essay "On a man", published in the year in Amsterdam and adversely met by the luminaries of the Enlightenment of Voltaire, D. Didro for the anti-materialist orientation of his philosophical part. Marat, paying the main attention to medicine and physics, which created him fame in the scientific world of Europe, at the same time was engaged in political problems.

In the year in London, his first political essay “Slavery Chains” was published anonymously in English, interpreting wide issues of combating the feudal-absolutist system and proving the inevitability of the revolution. These advanced public ideas were developed by Marat in the “Plan of Criminal Legislation” published in the year in the Nevstatel of his political and legal essay.

Thus, even years before the beginning of the Great French Revolution, Marat determined its place on the left wing of French education as a consistent revolutionary democrat. In the year, Marat returned to Paris and devoted himself to classes of medicine and physics. His fame as a scientist grew; This prompted him to accept the proposal to take the post of president of the Academy of Sciences in Madrid, but the opposition of the Parisian academic circles prevented the implementation of this plan.

Marat remained in Paris, continuing his experiments in the field of physics, also worked as a doctor who is very popular.With the beginning of the revolution, he left scientific classes and devoted himself entirely to serving the rebellious people. In the year, Marat published pamphlets "Dar to the Fatherland" and "additions", in which he sets the tasks of uniting all forces in the struggle against absolutism.

Since September, speaking as an editor, author and publisher, Marat began to publish a newspaper "Friend of the people" at his own expense - a combat body of revolutionary democracy; The newspaper soon began to have a great influence on the masses. The secret of the success of the "friend of the people" was explained not only by the literary talent of Marat, but mainly by its political line.

Marat consistently defended the tasks of developing the democratic and social content of the revolution, tearing the masks from those who, hiding behind false and hypocritical phrases, sought to slow down the further development of the revolution, turning into conservative, and then counter -revolutionary force. Showing a wonderful revolutionary insight, Marat predicted the betrayal of the revolution by J.

Necker, O. Mirabe, then M. Lafayet and fought an irreconcilable struggle against them at the time when they were still at the zenith of fame. With the same determination, Marat later fought against the Girondins, exposing their double -fed, half -heartedness, which led them, in the end, to the positions of hostile revolutions. Passed not only in the press in the press, but also the persecution by the authorities, Marat left for the UK in January, after May returned, he hid and published his newspaper underground, in December he left for the UK, returned in April, but again underwent persecution and went underground.

Paying mainly attention to the political issues in the solution of which Marat acted as a wonderful master of revolutionary tactics, although he, to a lesser extent, developed the social problems of the revolution, always firmly and consistently protecting the interests of the people and its poorest layers. This courageous protection of the interests of the people Marat has gained immense popularity among the masses, who saw in it a fearless and disinterested fighter for the fair demands of the people.

In the elections, the year in the Convention Marat was elected from Paris. In order to consolidate all revolutionary forces to win over the interventionists, Marat in September renamed the newspaper "Friend of the People" into the "Gazeta of the French Republic" and proclaimed a new course in it - oblivion of party disagreements and unification in the name of salvation of the republic.

However, the Girondins did not accept his proposals. In April of the year, contrary to Marat’s deputy inviolability, the Girondins achieved the tribunal court in the tribal tribal tribe, which ended his full excuse and the triumphal return to the Convention. Together with M. Robespierre and other Jacobin leaders Marat led the preparation of the uprising on May 31 - June 2, which overthrew the power of Gironda.

Marat's disease prevented him from taking an active part in the activities of the Convention and other revolutionary bodies after the Jacobin residents came to power. However, despite the disease, Marat continued to produce the newspaper until the knife when Sh. Corda cut off his life. The murder of Marat was perceived by the people as a huge disaster, and his funeral became a grand political manifestation.

In the noble and bourgeois historiography, the name of Marat was subjected to slanderous blasphemy. Even in the latest bourgeois special works about Marat, see Sidney Phipson, J. Marat, His Career in England and France Before the Revolution, L. The best work of Marat was the essay of A. Buzara, positively accepted by K. Marx and F. Engels, very highly appreciated Marat. In scientific terms, the biography of Marat was most thorough, the T.

A number of works about Marat were created by Soviet historiography. In the year, the “Selected works” of Marat in 3 volumes, which are the most complete edition of the works of Marat, not only in the Soviet Union, but throughout the world, entered the USSR. Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes.