Sholokhov Mikhail Biography briefly

Latest news biography Mikhail Sholokhov is a famous Soviet writer who talentedly depicting the events of the Civil War on the Don and the culture of the Don Cossacks. He was popular both in his homeland and abroad. By his recognition, the writer also owes Joseph Stalin, who favored him. Childhood and youth, the future writer was born on May 24 of the year on the Kruzhilin farm of the village of Vyoshenskaya region, Donskoy, now farm Kolzhilinsky, Sholokhovsky district of the Rostov region.

He was the only child in the family of Alexander Mikhailovich Sholokhov and his wife Anastasia Danilovna. Alexander Mikhailovich is a native of the merchant family, his grandfather was a merchant of the third guild, and was engaged in the bought out of grain. Sholokhov Sr. worked as a clerk, managing a steam mill. The family had its own library, and parents spared funds for the education of their son.

Anastasia Danilovna Chernikova is an orphan from a poor peasant family.

A few years after the death of her father, the summer girl went to the service of the landowner Anna Popova in the Yasenovka estate. The landowner gave out a beautiful maid for the elderly Cossack Stefan Kuznetsov from the village of Elanskaya. Anna’s family life failed - the Cossack beat and humiliated his young wife. After the death of a half -year -old daughter, the woman left her husband and returned to Yasenovka to her mother, and then to work in the Pan’s house.

There she met Sholokhov, who was engaged in the purchase and resale of bread. Anastasia Danilovna was an interesting woman: she was original and illiterate, but at the same time she was endowed by nature with a sharp mind and perspicacity. The writer's mother learned to read and write only after 40 years, when the son entered the gymnasium to independently write letters to his child, without resorting to the help of her husband.

The future writer was called by the illegitimate child on the Don of such children, and, it is worth saying that they were disliked by Cossack guys, he initially had the surname of the official husband of the mother of Kuznetsov, thanks to which he had a privilege - he received a “Cossack” land plot. Only after the death of the first wife of Anastasia Danilovna, in the year, the unmarked spouses were able to legitimize their relationship, and Mikhail became Sholokhov, the son of a tradesman.

In the year, Alexander Mikhailovich received a job with the merchant on the Kargin farm Kargin now the village of Karginskaya in the Bokovsky district of the Rostov region - the childhood of Sholokhov passed there. The future writer studied literacy, for which the home teacher Timofei Mrykhin was invited. The child liked to pour over the textbooks, he studied the letter and learned to count.

Despite the diligence in his studies, the boy was a mischievous and loved to play on the street from neighboring children from morning to evening. Seven -year -old Misha entered immediately to the second grade of Karginsky ministerial primary school. It is noteworthy that the teacher of the young man was Mikhail Grigoryevich Kopylov, who became the prototype of the hero from the world -famous “quiet Don”.

In M, the boy was inflamed by the cornea, and his father took him to the eye hospital to Moscow. After treatment, the future writer studied in the preparatory class of the private gymnasium named after Grigory Shelaputin. Parents did not want the son to study at the gymnasium of the Don army, where the young men were brought up in the traditions of the Cossacks. To m, they gave Mikhail to the Bogucharsky male gymnasium in the neighboring Voronezh province - a prosperous family could afford to pay 75 rubles with gold per year.

In Boguchar, Sholokhov lived in the house of Priest Dmitry Tishansky. Training lasted two and a half years. In the beginning of the city, the occupation German troops approached the Boguchar, and Sholokhov returned to his parents. Mikhail graduated from the fourth class of training in the Vyoshensky gymnasium. As for the October Revolution, the teenager did not take part in it.

He took the side of the winner: he did not participate in counter -revolutionary movements, he had no deviations from the ideology of the party. Although Sholokhov’s biography has a “black spot” - at least the writer did not refute this fact: in the year Mikhail Alexandrovich, being a tax inspector, was sentenced to execution for abuse of office. Later, the punishment was replaced by a year of colony for minors thanks to the tricks of parents who brought a fake birth certificate to the court, so that Sholokhov was judged as a minor.

However, the young man never reached the colony. As he succeeded, historians have not yet found out. Mikhail Alexandrovich went to Moscow, where he wanted to become a student and get a higher education. But the young man was not accepted for preparatory courses of the rabfak, since he did not have the right experience and direction from the Komsomol. Therefore, the fate of the future Nobel Prize winner was so that he earned a living with heavy physical labor.

In the year, Sholokhov received a party ticket, became a member of the All -Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks. The literature of the creative career of Mikhail Alexandrovich began in the year with the story “Moinka”, published in the newspaper “Young Leninets” and signed “Mikh.The writer was also published in other Komsomol newspapers, where small works were sent, later included in the collections “Don Stories”, “The Lateral Steppe”.

Sholokhov’s favorite plot was a mortal clash of closest relatives: brothers or father and son. It is often compared in importance with another work of Russian classics - the “war and the world” of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. But few people know that because of the book that tells about the life of the Don Cossacks, Sholokhov was accused of plagiarism. However, disputes about the literary theft of Mikhail Alexandrovich still do not subside.

After the first two volumes - the years - years, the October magazine in literary circles began discussions about the problem of authorship of the text. Some researchers, and just lovers of literature, believed that Mikhail Alexandrovich, without a twinge of conscience, appropriated a manuscript for himself, which was found in a field bag of a white officer, executed by the Bolsheviks.

Rumor has it that anonymous calls received. A certain unknown old woman told the editor of the magazine Alexander Serafimovich that the novel belongs to her killed son. Serafimovich did not respond to provocations and believed that such a resonance occurred due to envy: people could not understand how the summer author acquired glory and universal recognition. The journalist and playwright Joseph Gerasimov pointed out that Serafimovich knew that the “Quiet Don” belonged not to Sholokhov, but he did not want to add oil into the fire.

Sholokhodvi Konstantin Prima was sure that in fact, the stop of the publication of the third volume was beneficial to Trotsky’s associates: the people should not know about the real events taking place in Vyoshenskaya in the year. Dmitry Lvovich believed that the reception underlying the novel was very primitive: the plot rotates around the confrontation between the red and white and throwing of the protagonist between his wife and his mistress.

When he writes the life of the nobility, it is clear that he does not know her absolutely when he, then, dying, the officer on the battlefield bequeathed his wife to his friend, it is clear that he was read out by the French, ”said the literary critic on the program“ Visiting Dmitry Gordon ”. In the years, Sholokhov wrote an outstanding novel dedicated to the collectivization of the peasants - "Raised virgin lands." Military works were also popular, for example, "The Fate of Man" and "They fought for their homeland." Work on the latter was carried out in several stages: in -, and years.

Shortly before his death, Mikhail Alexandrovich, like N. Gogol, burned his work. Therefore, the modern reader remains to be content with only individual chapters of the novel. The Nobel Prize with the Nobel Prize, the author of the “Quiet Don” has developed a very original story. In the year, Boris Pasternak was nominated for the prestigious award for the seventh time. In the Scandinavian country there was an opinion that the prize should go to Pasternak, however, in the telegram addressed to Sweden's Object, it was said that the Soviet Union would widely evaluate the award of the award Mikhail Alexandrovich.

It was also said that the Swedish community was high to understand that Boris Leonidovich is not popular among Soviet citizens and that his works are not worth attention. It is simple to explain this: Pasternak was repeatedly subjected to persecution from the authorities. A prize awarded to him threw firewood. The author of Dr. Zhivago was forced to abandon her.

Sholokhov was nominated to the Nobel Prize more than ten times, but the laurels of honor went to him only in the year. The writer did not bow to the Swedish king, who presented the award. This was explained by the character of Mikhail Alexandrovich. According to some rumors, such a gesture was made intentionally the Cossacks do not bow to anyone. It is interesting that only the Nobel Prize Sholokhov left himself - together with his family, he drove by car in England, France, Italy, showed the children of Japan.

The writer transferred the Stalin Prize to the defense fund, and the Leninsky-to the restoration of the Karginsky school in which he once studied. The personal life of Sholokhov married Mary Gromoslavskaya in the year. However, he married to Lydia, her sister. But the father of the girls, the village chieftain Peter Gromoslavsky after the revolution - the postman, insisted that Mikhail Alexandrovich should connect his personal life with her eldest daughter.

The spouses had four children: Svetlana, Alexander, Mikhail and Maria Maria Petrovna became an assistant to the writer in his literary activity, was the secretary and editor: she rewrote the manuscripts of Sholokhov by hand, and then reprinted on the machine. The woman shared all the interests of her husband, went hunting and fishing with him. The couple lived together for 60 years. Death shortly before his death is the cause - the writer’s cancer lived in the village of Vyoshenskaya, was very rarely engaged in writing - in X actually abandoned this craft.

He loved to walk in the fresh air, was fond of fishing and hunting. According to the memoirs of the prose writer, the politics of Alexander Mikhailovich Sholokhov, Mikhail Alexandrovich hunted birds - geese, partridges, quail. From a large beast - only on a wolf: the destruction of the predators, bred after the war, was the responsibility of a self -respecting hunter.

The great writer died in the year. The grave of Sholokhov is not in the cemetery, but in the courtyard of the house in which he lived. A monument was erected above it in the form of a polished block of gray granite without photos and dates of life and death - with one surname. The writer’s wife, who died in the house in the Sholokhovsky district, where the writer lived from birth to death, entered the Fund of the State Museum of M.

Sholokhov, also rested in the same place of the plot of about two dozen films. The novel "Quiet Don" filmed four times. The most successful and canonical is the three -part tape of the Soviet director Sergei Gerasimov, published in years. The film adaptation of the same name “The Fate of Man” became the directorial debut of Sergei Bondarchuk, he himself played the main role.

The picture became the leader of the year to survey the magazine “Soviet screen”, and also received prizes at international film festivals in Czechoslovakia and America. In M Bondarchuk he took up the film adaptation of Sholokhov’s novel, “They fought for their homeland.”